Table 1.
Study level characteristics.
| References | Publication year | Country | Cohort | Risk of bias | Age, y (mean) | Male (% total) | Male (% myocar- ditis) | Vaccine type | Sample size | Follow-up (day) | Myocarditis (n) | Myocarditis diagnostics | Male (% myocarditis) | Hospitalization (n) | Deaths (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mevorach et al. (17) | 2021 | Israel | Vaccine | Low | 49 | 91 | Pfizer | 5000000 | 30 | 136 | Clinical (Brighton classification) | 91 | 114 | 1 | |
| Witberg et al. (4) | 2021 | Israel | Vaccine | Low | 44 | 49 | 94 | Pfizer | 2500000 | 42 | 54 | Clinical (CDC definition) | 94 | 1 | 1 |
| Barda et al. (18) | 2021 | Israel | Vaccine | Low | 38 | 52 | 91 | Pfizer | 884828 | 42 | 21 | Clinical (CHS billing criteria) | 91 | ||
| Walter et al. (19) | 2022 | US | Vaccine | Low | 8 | 52 | 0 | Pfizer | 1518 | 7 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| El Sahly et al. (20) | 2021 | US | Vaccine | Low | 51 | 53 | 0 | Moderna | 14287 | 14 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heath et al. (21) | 2021 | UK | Vaccine | Low | 56 | 52 | Novavax | 7569 | 28 | 0 | Clinical | 1 | 0 | ||
| Ali et al. (22) | 2021 | US | Vaccine | Low | 14 | 52 | 0 | Moderna | 2489 | 83 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dunkle et al. (23) | 2022 | US/Mexico | Vaccine | Low | 47 | 52 | 0 | Novavax | 19714 | 90 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Diaz et al. (24) | 2022 | US | Vaccine | Low | 57 | 41 | 75 | Pfizer/Moderna/J&J | 2000287 | 20 | Abnormal troponin or CMR* evidence | 75 | 19 | 0 | |
| Simone et al. et al. (25) | 2021 | US | Vaccine | Low | 49 | 46 | 100 | Pfizer/Moderna | 2392924 | 10 | 15 | Clinical/Diagnosis code | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Husby et al. (26) | 2022 | Denmark | Vaccine | Low | 73 | Pfizer | 3482295 | 28 | 48 | Clinical diagnosis + troponin elevation + hospitalization for > 24hours | 73 | 28 | 1 | ||
| Husby et al. (26) | 2022 | Denmark | Vaccine | Low | Moderna | 498814 | 28 | 21 | Clinical diagnosis + troponin elevation + hospitalization for > 24hours | 8 | 0 | ||||
| Patone et al. (3) | 2022 | UK | Vaccine | Low | 55 | 35 | 100 | AstraZeneca | 20615911 | 28 | 226 | Hospital admission codes | 100 | ||
| Patone et al. (3) | 2022 | UK | Vaccine | Low | 56 | 33 | Pfizer | 16993389 | 28 | 158 | Hospital admission codes | ||||
| Patone et al. (3) | 2022 | UK | Vaccine | Low | 40 | 26 | Moderna | 1006191 | 28 | 9 | Hospital admission codes | ||||
| Huang et al. (27) | 2020 | China | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Some concerns | 38 | 38 | 38 | 26 | 50 | 15 | CMR | 38 | |||
| Lagana et al. (28) | 2021 | Italy | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Some concerns | 71 | 48 | 42 | 1169 | 12 | Clinical = 1 criteria from ESC guidelines | 42 | 1169 | 3 | ||
| Boehmer et al. (6) | 2021 | US | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 54 | 59 | 42 | 1452773 | 30 | 5,069 | N/A | 42 | |||
| Murk et al. (29) | 2020 | US | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 65 | 43 | 70288 | 30 | Diagnosis code | ||||||
| Kunal et al. (30) | 2020 | India | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 51 | 65 | 50 | 108 | 7 | 3 | Definite diagnosis with biopsy, probably diagnosis with clinical characteristics with either troponin elevation, myocardial injury, or ECG changes suggestive of injury | 50 | 1 | ||
| Deng et al. (31) | 2020 | China | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 65 | 51 | 71 | 112 | 66 | 14 | AHA guideline: triple elevation in troponin with either ECG changes or echocardiographic changes | 71 | 112 | 13 | |
| Daniels et al. (32) | 2021 | US | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 67 | 73 | 2810 | 77 | 37 | CMR | 73 | 0 | |||
| Martinez et al. (33) | 2021 | US | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Some concerns | 25 | 99 | 789 | 19 | 3 | CMR | 0 | 0 | |||
| Buckley et al. (34) | 2021 | US | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 48 | 43 | 44 | 718365 | 35,820 | N/A | 44 | ||||
| Barda et al. (18) | 2021 | Israel | SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Low | 34 | 46 | 233392 | 93,812 | N/A: diagnosis code |
*
CMR = Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging; J&J, Johnson and Johnson.