Table 1. Search terms.

Keyword	Boolean	Additional Keyword
*information system	AND	Patient flow or Hospital flow
Electronic health record or EHR		Patient throughput
Electronic medical record or EMR		Patient journey
Decision support system or DSS		Overcrowding
Business intelligence system or BI system		Access block
Computerised provider order entry system or CPOE		Waiting time
Electronic bed board systems		Length of stay

First, we used the term “information system” (IS) as a general search term and the asterisk (*) because it could include different types of IS used in hospitals such as hospital IS, health IS, healthcare IS, or departmental ISs such as ED IS, intensive care unit (ICU) IS. Acknowledging the fact that hospitals adopt various types of IS with specific terminologies, we also included specific ISs commonly used by hospitals such as electronic health record (or EHR) or electronic medical record (or EMR), decision support systems (or DSS), business intelligence (BI) system, computerised order entry (CPOE) system and electronic bed board systems. In a similar vein, “patient flow” was used as a main keyword together with other synonyms such as “hospital flow”, “patient throughput”, “patient journey”. Common indicators of patient flow management such as length of stay and waiting time were also included in the search. In addition, we used the bibliography of the selected papers to reach further studies. This technique is known as backward snowballing [15].