Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population
| All patients (n = 44) | Empagliflozin (n = 22) | Sitagliptin (n = 22) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | ||||
| Male (n, %) | 38 (86) | 19 (86) | 19 (86) | ns |
| Age (years) | 61.7 ± 9.7 | 61.6 ± 9.6 | 61.8 ± 10.1 | ns |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 9.6 ± 8.0 | 7.8 ± 6.9 | 11.1 ± 8.8 | ns |
| Weight (kg) | 84.6 ± 15.3 | 83.0 ± 13.6 | 83.7 ± 12.4 | ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 5.3 | 27.8 ± 4.7 | 29.6 ± 5.7 | ns |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | 102.6 ± 11.5 | 102.9 ± 9.9 | 102.3 ± 13.2 | ns |
| Active smokers, (n, %) | 10 (23) | 6 (27) | 4 (18) | ns |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 34 (77) | 18 (81) | 16 (72) | ns |
| Baseline therapy | ||||
| Metformin, n (%) | 40 (91) | 20 (91) | 20 (91) | ns |
| Insulin, n (%) | 11 (25) | 7 (32) | 4 (18) | ns |
| Statin, n (%) | 32 (73) | 18 (81) | 14 (63) | ns |
| ACEi/ARBs, n (%) | 27 (61) | 16 (53) | 11 (50) | ns |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 10 (23) | 5 (23) | 5 (23) | ns |
| CCB, n (%) | 10 (23) | 6 (27) | 4 (18) | ns |
| ASA, n (%) | 16 (36) | 4 (41) | 7 (32) | ns |
| Thiazide diuretics, n (%) | 5 (11) | 3 (14) | 2 (9) | ns |
| Furosemide, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | ns |
| Blood tests | ||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 59.2 ± 6.4 | 57.8 ± 6.5 | 60.3 ± 6.2 | ns |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 162 ± 33 | 159 ± 29 | 165 ± 38 | ns |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 48 ± 12 | 49 ± 13 | 47 ± 11 | ns |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 97 ± 26 | 95 ± 21 | 98 ± 30 | ns |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 131 ± 57 | 121 ± 59 | 142 ± 54 | ns |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.2 ± 1.3 | 14.1 ± 1.1 | 14.3 ± 1.4 | ns |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.89 ± 0.26 | 0.86 ± 0.31 | 0.92 ± 0.19 | ns |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73mq) | 89.6 ± 17.4 | 91.5 ± 18.5 | 87.7 ± 16.5 | ns |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.55 ± 1.45 | 6.01 ± 1.60 | 5.10 ± 1.10 | ns |
| UAlb.-UCreat.-Ratio (mg/g) | 5 (0–15) | 4 (0–7) | 8 (4–36) | ns |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 81 (27–118) | 63 (28–121) | 33 (16–76) | ns |
| Vascular and pulmonary function | ||||
| Ankle-Brachial-Index | 1.16 ± 0.10 | 1.13 ± 1.1 | 1.18 ± 1.1 | ns |
| VD/VT (%) | 16.2 ± 4.9 | 16.4 ± 3.9 | 16.1 ± 5.2 | ns |
| 2D-Echocardiography | ||||
| EDVi (mL/m2) | 51.5 ± 11.7 | 52.0 ± 12.2 | 51.0 ± 11.5 | ns |
| LVMi (g/m2) | 89.5 ± 17.3 | 89.9 ± 16.1 | 89.2 ± 18.9 | ns |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 24.9 ± 7.5 | 24.8 ± 8.4 | 25.0 ± 6.8 | ns |
| LVEF rest (%) | 59.3 ± 4.5 | 60.5 ± 3.6 | 58.1 ± 5.1 | ns |
| E/A ratio | 0.90 ± 0.25 | 0.94 ± 0.26 | 0.86 ± 0.23 | ns |
| E/e′ (cm/sec) | 8.5 ± 2.5 | 8.3 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 2.7 | ns |
ACEi/ARBs, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blockers; EDVi, end diastolic volume index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LAVi, left atrium volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. LVMi, left ventricular mass index; UAlb-UCreat. Ratio, spot urine albumine-to-creatinine ratio