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Effects of piperine on perirenal fat of high-fat diet-fed mice. (A) Histology examined by HE staining. (B) Perirenal fat weight. mRNA levels of (C) FAS, (D) C/EBPα, (E) MCP1, (F) F4/80, and (G) IL-6. Mean ± SD (n = 10); #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ####p < 0.0001 Model versus Normal; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 versus Model; $ p < 0.05, PIP 40 (piperine at 40 mg/kg) versus PIP 20 (piperine at 20 mg/kg).
