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. 2022 Sep 2;5:1422–1432. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.018

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Specific phyla of gut microbiota modulated by piperine intervention in high-fat diet-fed mice. (A) The proportion of gut microbial communities at phylum level. The relative abundance of (B) Firmicutes, (C) Bacteroidetes, (D) Verrucomicrobia, (E) Proteobacteria, (F) Actinobacteria, (G) Patescibacteria, (H) Tenericutes, (I) Cyanobacteria, (J) Epsilonbacteraeota, and (K) Deferribacteres. Mean ± SD (n = 6); #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ####p < 0.0001 Model versus Normal; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus Model. PIP 20 (piperine at 20 mg/kg). PIP 40 (piperine at 40 mg/kg).