Table 5.

Studies describing RDP learning curve

Study	No. of patients	No. of surgeons	Previous experience of surgeons	Outcome measures	Statistical analysis
Benizri et al. 2013 [12]	11	2	Board-certified with specific training in robotic procedures	Operative time, conversion, post-operative morbidity, reoperation rates	Mann–Whitney U test, linear estimation regression analysis, Fisher’s exact test, CUSUM analysis
Napoli et al. 2015 [13]	55	1	> 700 open or laparoscopic pancreatic resections	Operative time	Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, CUSUM analysis
Shakir et al. 2015 [14]	100	3	Extensive prior experience with LDP, but no substantial prior robotic experience	Operative time	Student’s t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Fisher’s exact test, CUSUM analysis
Shyr et al. 2018 [15]	70	2	No prior experience in robotic surgery, > 500 cases of open PD	Console time	2- tailed Student’s t-test, Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, CUSUM analysis