Table 2.

Randomized studies of beta-blocker administration in patients treated with primary PCI

Trial	Year	N of patients	Randomization	Drug administration	Endpoints	Results of endpoints
Hanada et al. [29]	2012	96	Non-blinded, open-label, no placebo (routine care)	Landiolol 3 μg/kg/min infusion for 24 h after PCI	LV function assessed by left ventriculography during the acute phase and during a 6-month follow-up	LVEF increased from 49.1 ± 1.5% to 52.0 ± 1.5% in the chronic phase (p = 0.01) in the landiolol group, no significant difference was found in the control group (from 50.2 ± 1.4% to 50.2 ± 1.2%)	+
METOCARD-CNIC trial [31]	2013	270 (220 with CMR)	Single-blind, no placebo (routine care)	IV metoprolol 15 mg during transfer to PCI or at the emergency department	Infarct size by CMR (extent of myocardial necrosis quantified by delayed gadolinium enhancement) performed 5 to 7 days after STEMI	Adjusted difference, −6.52 in metoprolol group (95% CI −11.39 to −1.78; p = 0.012)	+
BEAT-AMI trial [30]	2016	101	Single-blind, placebo-controlled	Esmolol infusion after PCI	Maximum change in troponin T from baseline to 48 h	Median troponin T concentration increased from 0.2 to 1.3 ng/mL in the esmolol group and from 0.3 to 3.2 ng/mL in the placebo group (p = 0.01)	+
EARLY-BAMI trial [32]	2016	683 (342 with CMR)	Double-blind, placebo-controlled	Metoprolol IV doses of 5 mg. First bolus in ambulance. Second bolus immediately before PCI	Myocardial infarct size as measured by CMR at 30 days	Infarct size (percent of LV) 15.3 ± 11.0% in metoprolol group and 14.9 ± 11.5% in placebo group (p = 0.616)	−

+ denotes positive results, − denotes negative results, CI confidence interval, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, IC intracoronary, IV intravenous, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LV left ventricular, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction