Table 3.
Randomized studies of adenosine administration in patients treated with primary PCI
| Authors | Year | N of patients | Randomization | Administration | Endpoints | Results of endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marzilli et al. [36] | 2000 | 54 | Adenosine:placebo | IC distal to occlusion during balloon inflation | Feasibility and safety of IC adenosine administration | + |
| Petronio et al. [37] | 2005 | 30 | Adenosine:placebo | IC distal to occlusion during balloon inflation | Left ventricular remodeling at 6 months | − |
| Ross et al. [44] (AMISTAD-II trial)* | 2005 | 2118 | Adenosine:placebo | IV within 15 min either of the start of fibrinolysis or before coronary intervention | New CHF, first re-hospitalization for CHF, or death from any cause within 6 months | − |
| Infarct size was measured in a subset of 243 patients by technetium-99m sestamibi tomography | + | |||||
| Stoel et al. [38] | 2008 | 51 | Adenosine:placebo | IC after last balloon inflation | STR and TIMI frame count, MBG, coronary blood flow, coronary, vascular resistance | + |
| Fokkema et al. [43] | 2009 | 448 | Adenosine:placebo | IC after thrombus aspiration and after stenting | The incidence of residual ST-segment deviation (< 0.2 mV) after PCI | − |
| Desmet et al. [40] | 2011 | 112 | Adenosine:placebo | IC | Myocardial salvage on CMR 2–3 days post perfusion | − |
| Grygier et al. [39] | 2011 | 70 | Adenosine:placebo | IC after crossing the lesion and then after first balloon inflation | ST-segment elevation resolution after PCI; MBG, TIMI flow grade and TIMI frame count at the end of procedure | + |
| Zhang et al. [42] | 2012 | 90 |
1:1:1 To receive adenosine low-dose:high-dose:placebo |
IV after the guide wire crossed the lesion | Left ventricular function, and infarct size | + |
| Wang et al. [41] | 2012 | 69 | Adenosine:placebo | IV prior to stent implantation | Myocardial perfusion and segmental contractile function | + |
| Niccoli et al. [47] (REOPEN-AMI trial) | 2013 | 240 |
1:1:1 To receive adenosine: nitroprusside:saline |
IC following thrombus aspiration | ST-segment resolution (> 70%) after PCI | + |
| Garcia-Dorado et al. [46] | 2014 | 201 | Adenosine:placebo | IC before thrombectomy and direct stenting | Infarct size by late enhancement on CMR imaging performed between 2 and 7 days post-reperfusion | − |
| Nazir et al. [49] (REFLO-STEMI trial) | 2016 | 247 |
1:1:1 To receive adenosine:nitroprusside:control (standard primary PCI alone) |
IC after thrombectomy and Immediately following stent deployment | Infarct size by CMR performed at 24–96 h | − |
*About 40% treated with primary PCI
+ denotes positive results, − denotes negative results, CHF congestive heart failure, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, IC intra coronary, IV intravenous, MBG myocardial blush grade, N number, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, STR ST resolution, TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction