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. 2022 Sep 12;8:116. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00382-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Trial-averaged spectrograms aligned to movement onset showing beta (13–35 Hz) desynchronization in the GPi during wakeful volitional movement (reaching task, see Methods). b Spectrograms showing beta synchronization in the GPi during REM sleep movements. c Distributions of beta band power modulation (relative to pre movement baseline) during wake movements (blue) and REM sleep movements (red). All data distributions were significantly different from zero (Wilcoxon signed rank (WSR) test, p < 0.05). d, e Trial-averaged spectrograms aligned to movement onset show synchronization of high-frequency oscillations (HFO, 150–350 Hz) in the GPi during wakeful and REM sleep movements, respectively. f Distributions of HFO band power modulation (relative to pre movement baseline) during wake movements (blue) and REM sleep movements (red). All data distributions were significantly different from zero (WSR test, p < 0.05). Boxplot elements: center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5 × interquartile range; +sign, outliers.