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. 2022 Sep 12;13:5360. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32903-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Laboratory setups of replicate cultivation experiments of S. frugiperda larva fed with corn leaf (1) and PVC film (2) on petri dishes. b, c Cumulative survival and weight loss of larvae in the Corn group, PVC group, Starvation group (no feeding), and Antibiotic group (gentamicin pretreatment of intestinal microbiota before PVC feeding). Log-rank test was used to identify difference in cumulative survival (b) between groups. Box plots showed center line as median, and the upper and lower whiskers show maxima and minima, and box limits show upper and lower quartiles. Wilcoxon test was used to identify the difference in weight loss (c) between groups. Both statistical tests were two-sided and P values (***≤0.001 ≤ **≤0.01 *≤0.05) were adjusted by Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) multiple testing. d, e Intestinal microbiota composition at the phylum (d) and genus (e) levels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.