Paracellular permeability in vitro was detected by Transwell. (A) Exhibited is the cultured paracellular permeability in different groups with/without high glucose media. One-way ANOVA. (B) Paracellular permeability in different groups with/without silencing PPARγ in HRMECs. Student's t-test. (C) Displayed is the paracellular permeability in different groups with/without silencing poldip2 in HRMECs. Student's t-test. Data represents mean ± SEM, n = 4/group. Compared to NG group: *p < 0.05; Compared with HG group: #p < 0.05. Compared with si-NC group: **p < 0.01. NG: normal glucose group, HG: high glucose group, HG + CAP: high glucose with capsaicin treatment group. si-NC: control group, si-poldip2: poldip2 siRNA transfection group, si-PPARγ: PPARγ siRNA transfection group.