Knockdown of poldip2 in vivo regulates proteins associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (A–C) The expression of GFP, poldip2, Nox4, VCAM-1, HIF-1α and VEGF in rat retina is shown in different groups with/without poldip2-shRNA treatment. (D–F) The expression of poldip2 and Nox4 in rat retina detected by immunofluorescence in different groups with/without poldip2-shRNA treatment. One-way ANOVA. Data are the means ± SEM from 5/group (A) and 3/group (D). Compared with NC group: *p < 0.01, **p < 0.01; Compared with DM + NC-shRNA group: ##p < 0.01. NC: normal control group. DM + NC-shRNA group: diabetic group treated with scrambled-AAV9-shRNA. DM + poldip2-shRNA: diabetic treated with AAV9-poldip2-shRNA.