Table 1.
Characteristics of HCC cases and controls from the MEC.
| HCC cases (n = 50) | Controls (n = 50) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at blood collection, mean ± SD | 69.7 ± 7.37 | 69.2 ± 7.42 | 0.76 |
| Years between blood collection and diagnosis, Median (range) | 7.2 (0.9, 16.4) | — | — |
| Sex | — | ||
| Male | 62% | 62% | |
| Female | 38% | 38% | |
| Race/ethnicity | — | ||
| White | 18% | 18% | |
| African American | 6% | 6% | |
| Japanese American | 38% | 38% | |
| Latino | 24% | 24% | |
| Native Hawaiian | 14% | 14% | |
| Study area | — | ||
| California | 36% | 36% | |
| Hawaii | 64% | 64% | |
| Education | 0.87 | ||
| Some high school | 18% | 16% | |
| Graduated high school | 20% | 24% | |
| Vocational/some college | 32% | 36% | |
| Graduated college/graduate/professional school | 30% | 24% | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.003 | ||
| <25 | 18% | 38% | |
| 25-30 | 36% | 46% | |
| ≥30 | 46% | 16% | |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 0.58 | ||
| 0 | 48% | 58% | |
| <12 | 30% | 26% | |
| ≥12 | 22% | 16% | |
| Smoking status | 0.35 | ||
| Never | 26.0% | 38.0% | |
| Former | 62.0% | 48.0% | |
| Current | 12.0% | 14.0% | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.001 | ||
| No | 62% | 92% | |
| Yes | 38% | 8% |
Cases and controls matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study area. Differences in participant characteristics between cases and controls were tested using t tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables.
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MEC, Multiethnic Cohort.