Table 1.

CSF fluid neurotransmitter analysis results.

CSF neurotransmitter	Patient result	Normal age-related reference range
Homo-vanillic acid	48 nmol/L	176–851 nmol/L
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid	13 nmol/L	68–451 nmol/L
Neopterin	11 nmol/L	7–65 nmol/L
Dihydrobiopterin	12 nmol/L	0.4–13.9 nmol/L
Tetrahydrobiopterin	43 nmol/L	19–56 nmol/L
5-methyltetrahydrofolate	113 nmol/L	72–305 nmol/L
3-O-methyldopa	1,543 nmol/L	<100 nmol/L
CSF pyridoxal phosphate	79 nmol/L	14–92 nmol/L
CSF glucose	2.9 mmol/L	2.8–4.4 mmol/L
CSF lactate	1.3 mmol/L	1.2–2.1 mmol/L

Abnormal findings/values (outside of reference ranges provided for the assays used) are indicated in red.

CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.