TABLE 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Parameter | Control (n = 25) | Vitamin A (n = 25) | Zinc (n = 25) | Total (n = 75) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months) | 0.26 a | ||||
| Median (range) | 34.0 (6.0–55.0) | 29.0 (6.0–52.0) | 27.0 (6.0–54.0) | 30.0 (6.0–55.0) | |
| Infant | 2 (8.0%) | 8 (32.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 12 (16.0%) | |
| Toddler | 11 (44.0%) | 8 (32.0%) | 14 (56.0%) | 33 (44.0%) | |
| Preschool | 12 (48.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 30 (40.0%) | |
| Gender | 0.42 b | ||||
| Female, N (%) | 13 (52.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 13 (52.0%) | 43 (57.3%) | |
| Male, N (%) | 12 (48.0%) | 8 (32.0%) | 12 (48.0%) | 32 (42.7%) | |
| ABW (kg) | 0.14 c | ||||
| Mean (S.D) | 13.5 (3.1) | 11.8 (3.7) | 11.8 (3.3) | 12.3 (3.5) | |
| Underweight, N (%) | 2 (8.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 7 (9.3%) | |
| Healthy, N (%) | 10 (40.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 32 (42.7%) | |
| Overweight, N (%) | 2 (8.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | 10 (13.3%) | |
| Obese, N (%) | 11 (44.0%) | 8 (32.0%) | 7 (28.0%) | 26 (34.7%) | |
| Pneumonia grade | 1.00 b | ||||
| Grade 3, N (%) | 11 (44.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 33 (44.0%) | |
| Grade 4, N (%) | 14 (56.0%) | 14 (56.0%) | 14 (56.0%) | 42 (56.0%) | |
| Effusion | 1.00 b | ||||
| Absent, N (%) | 19 (76.0%) | 19 (76.0%) | 19 (76.0%) | 57 (76.0%) | |
| Present, N (%) | 6 (24.0%) | 6 (24.0%) | 6 (24.0%) | 18 (24.0%) |
a
Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test.
b
Pearson’s Chi-squared test.
c
Analysis of variance linear model (ANOVA).
S.D: standard deviation, CDC: Center of Disease Control and Prevention, WHO: World Health Organization, BMI: body mass index, and ABW: actual body weight.