Table 2.
WALT 2022 recommendations for PBM in managing salivary gland dysfunction in cancer patients - updated from Heiskanen et al., 2020 (78).
| Ref. | Patient population | Treatment Intent | Study design | PBM Treatment Parameters | Efficacy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Route of delivery | Wavelength (nm) | Laser type | Approach | Power(mW) | Irradiance(mW/cm2) | Time(sec) | Fluence (J/cm2) | Photon Fluence (p.J/cm2) | Einstein(E) | |||||
| Gonnelli 2016 (108) | HNC | P | RCT | Combo | 660 +780 + clinical care | InGalAlP | IO (660 nm) |
40 | Calculated:1000 | 10 | 10 | 19 | 4.2 | Yes, objective outcome measures |
| EO (780 nm) |
15 | Calculated:375 | 10 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| Palma 2017 (110) | HNC | T | Before-and-after | Combo | 808 | InGalAlP | IO | 30 | 750 | 10 | 7.5 | 11.2 | 2.5 | Yes, objective and subjective outcome measures |
| EO | ||||||||||||||
| Saleh 2014 (111) | HNC | T | RCT | Combo | 830 | GaAlAr | IO | 100 | 3570 | 20 | 71 | 106.5 | 23.7 | Not effective in both objective and subjective outcome measures |
| EO | ||||||||||||||
| Simoes 2010 (112) | HNC | P | Comparative | Intraoral | 660 | AlGaInP | IO | 40 | Calculated:1111 | 6 | 6 | 11.4 | 2.5 | Yes, subjective outcome measures |
| Cowen 1997 (71) | Hematologic cancer | P | RCT | Intraoral | 632.8 | HeNe | IO | 60 | Calculated:150 | 10 | 1.5 | 3 | 0.7 | Yes, subjective outcome measures |
intra-oral; EO, extra-oral; HNC head and neck cancer; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; P, prevention; Ref, reference; RCT, randomized controlled trial; T, therapy
1 Einstein = 4.5 p.J/cm2 which is the photonic fluence at 810 nm that is equivalent to the conventional fluence of 3 J/cm2 (62).
Photon Energy at 632 nm = 2 eV and 660 nm = 1.9 eV, 780 = eV, 808 = 1.5 eV, and 830 nm = 1.5eV.