Table 1.

IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33-Secreting Cells, with the Respective IL Receptors and Signaling Pathways Which They Activate

Cytokine	Secreting Cells	Receptors	Activated Signaling Pathway
IL-4	Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils	IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα)	JAK/STAT and IRS-1/IRS-2 pathways
IL-13	Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells, CD4+ T cells, nuocytes,	IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα), IL-13 receptor alpha 1 (IL-13Rα1),	JAK/STAT and IRS-1/IRS-2 pathways type II IL-4 receptor/ IL-13 receptor, which is comprised of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1.
IL-31	Th2 Ly, CD4+ T cells	IL-31RA, OSMR	PI3K/AKT, MAPK, STAT pathway, JAK1 and JAK2
IL-33	Macrophages, dendritic cells, damaged epithelial cells,	Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (ST2), ST2 is the only receptor for IL-33	IARK-1, IARK-4, and MAPK kinases, JNK, ERK1/ 2

Note: ^4–11.

Abbreviations: IL-, interleukin; Th, T helper lymphocytes; CD, cluster of differentiation; OSMR, oncostatin M receptor; JAK/STAT, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK, Jun kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.