TABLE 1.

Negative fitness effects of CI‐inducing Wolbachia

Wolbachia supergroup	Genera	Species	Wolbachia strain	Host sex	Negative effect	Reference
A	Drosophila	D. melanogaster	A‐wMelPop	Female/Male	Tissue degeneration, reduced life span	Min and Benzer (1997), Reynolds et al. (2003)
			A‐wMelPop	Female/Male	Decreased response to food cues	Peng et al. (2008)
			A‐wMel	Female	Reduced body size	Hoffmann et al. (1998)
			A‐wMel	Female	Reduced fecundity after a dormancy period	Kriesner et al. (2016)
		D simulans	A‐wRi	Female	Reduction in fecundity	Hoffmann and Turelli (1988), Hoffmann et al. (1990)
			A‐wRi	Female	Reduction in fecundity	Snook et al. (2000)
			A‐wRi	Male	Lesser sperm cysts, reduced fertility	Snook et al. (2000)
			A‐wHa	Female	Reduction in fecundity	Fytrou et al. (2006)
			A‐wHa	Female/Male	Reduced thorax length, reduction in an immune response against parasitoid infection	Fytrou et al. (2006)
			A‐wRi	Male	Reduced sperm competition	De Crespigny and Wedell (2006)
		D. suzukii	A‐wSuz	Female	Reduced progeny family size	Hamm et al. (2014)
B	Aedes	A. albopictus	A‐wAlb, B‐wAlb	Female	Reduced life span, reduction in fecundity	Islam and Dobson (2006), Suh et al. (2009)
		A. aegypti	A‐wMelPop	Female	Reduced life span, reduction in fecundity	Ross et al. (2019)
			A‐wMelPop	Female/Male	Reduced life span	McMeniman et al. (2009)
			A‐wMelPop	Female	Reduction in fecundity, reduced blood‐feeding success	Allman et al. (2020), Turley et al. (2009)
	Culex	C. pipiens	B‐wPip	Female/Male	Embryonic mortality	Duron et al. (2006)
		C. quinquefasciatus	B‐wPip	Female	Reduced fecundity	Almeida et al. (2011)