Table 2.
Predicting depression symptoms as a function of Facebook usage patterns.
| Variable | Models (dependent variable: depression subscale scores [DASS-21a]) | |||
|
|
Model 1 (R2=0.87), β estimate (95% CI) | Model 2 (R2=0.291), β estimate (95% CI) | Model 3 (R2=0.342), β estimate (95% CI) | |
| Time spent on Facebook (hours per day)b | 2.754c (2.036 to 3.471) | 1.357c (0.667 to 2.047) | 1.586c (0.878 to 2.294) | |
| Use of Notification Settings feature | N/Ad | −1.579e (−2.634 to −0.525) | −1.413e (−2.459 to −0.367) | |
| Use of Unfollow feature | N/A | −1.319f (−2.444 to −0.195) | −1.252f (−2.369 to −0.135) | |
| Use of Off-Facebook Activity feature | N/A | 4.905c (3.604 to 6.206) | 5.256c (3.894 to 6.617) | |
| Use of Snooze feature | N/A | 2.337c (1.060 to 3.613) | 2.398c (1.141 to 3.656) | |
| Use of Your Time on Facebook feature | N/A | 0.420 (−0.753 to 1.592) | 0.384 (−0.784 to 1.553) | |
| Use of Set Daily Reminders feature | N/A | 0.115 (−1.323 to 1.554) | 0.130 (−1.311 to 1.572) | |
| Age group (base: <35 years) | N/A | N/A | −0.725 (−1.740 to 0.290) | |
| Gender (base: women) | N/A | N/A | −0.645 (−1.660 to 0.370) | |
| Race (base: White) | ||||
|
|
Black or African American | N/A | N/A | −1.704f (−3.123 to −0.286) |
|
|
Other | N/A | N/A | 0.18 (−2.023 to 2.059) |
| Religion (base: no religion) | ||||
|
|
Catholic | N/A | N/A | −3.113e (−5.036 to −1.191) |
|
|
Protestant | N/A | N/A | −1.391 (−3.027 to 0.244) |
|
|
Other | N/A | N/A | −2.129 (−4.522 to 0.265) |
| Marital status (base: single) | ||||
|
|
Married | N/A | N/A | −1.090 (-2.551 to 0.370) |
|
|
Other | N/A | N/A | 0.820 (−2.259 to 3.898) |
| Education level | N/A | N/A | 0.506 (−0.279 to 1.291) | |
| Employment status (base: full-time employment) | N/A | N/A | −0.701 (−2.330 to 0.929) | |
| Income level | N/A | N/A | −0.748c (−1.204 to −0.292) | |
| Household size | N/A | N/A | 0.306 (−0.207 to 0.819) | |
| Living setting (base: rural) | ||||
|
|
Large city | N/A | N/A | −1.495f (−2.925 to −0.064) |
|
|
Suburb |
N/A | N/A | −1.289 (−2.902 to 0.323) |
|
|
Large town | N/A | N/A | −0.677 (−2.343 to 0.988) |
|
|
Small town | N/A | N/A | −1.351 (−3.095 to 0.394) |
aDASS-21: 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.
bLog-transformed.
cSignificant at the P<.001 level.
dN/A: not applicable.
eSignificant at the P<.01 level.
fSignificant at the P<.05 level.