Table 3. Two-Part Model Regression Estimates for Effects of RTPB Recommendations on Order-Level Out-of-Pocket Costs^a.

Outcome	Mean		Intervention effect estimate, % (95% CI)
	Intervention	Control	Unadjustedb	Adjustedc
Out-of-pocket cost >$0.00, %	97.4	98.6	−1.1 (−0.4 to −1.8)	−1.0 (−0.57 to −1.5)
30-d Adjusted out-of-pocket cost, $d	40.80	69.00	NA	NA
	−0.66	−0.48	−16.7 (−18.8 to −14.5)	−7.9 (−10.0 to −5.7)

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; RTPB, real-time prescription benefits.

^a Using logistic regression, the first part estimated the probability of an order having >$0 out-of-pocket cost; using linear regression, the second part estimated the log transformed out-of-pocket cost for orders with nonzero cost. Confidence intervals were based on robust standard errors clustered at the level of randomization.

^b The unadjusted intervention effect for both parts included only an indicator for the intervention.

^c The adjusted intervention for both models included the following covariates: indicators for specialty type, drug pharmaceutical class, indicators for age category bins (18-40 y; >40-65 y; >65 y), binary sex, and insurance type.

^d For 35 652 orders with out-of-pocket cost >$0.