Table 2.
Physiological parameters and laboratories of patients during the first 24-h hospital admission, stratified by the different advance ventilatory supports
| Measure | All | HFNC | NIV | IMV | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | n | Value | n | Value | n | Value | n | ||
| Physiological parameters on admission, median (IQR) | |||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.0 (65.0–83.0) | 64,667 | 74.0 (65.0–83.0) | 27,806 | 75.0 (66.0–83.0) | 23,713 | 73.0 (64.0–82.0) | 13,148 | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 92.0 (80.0–106.0) | 64,563 | 91.0 (80.0–105.0) | 27,564 | 94.0 (82.0–107.0) | 23,756 | 93.0 (81.0–108.0) | 13,243 | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 24.0 (20.0–28.0) | 63,891 | 22.0 (20.0–28.0) | 27,631 | 24.0 (20.0–30.0) | 23,439 | 24.0 (20.0–28.0) | 12,821 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.0 (115.0–144.0) | 64,745 | 129.0 (114.0–144.0) | 27,828 | 130.0 (116.0–145.0) | 23,740 | 129.0 (113.0–142.0) | 13,177 | < 0.001 |
| Temperature (C) | 37.2 (36.7–38.1) | 64,519 | 37.2 (36.6–38.1) | 27,763 | 37.3 (36.7–38.2) | 23,685 | 37.0 (36.7–37.8) | 13,071 | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory during the first 24 h, median (IQR) | |||||||||
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 32.0 (21.0–53.0) | 28,901 | 29.0 (19.0–48.0) | 13,612 | 34.0 (22.0–55.0) | 10,956 | 38.0 (25.0–62.6) | 4333 | < 0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 50.0 (33.0–77.0) | 6614 | 47.0 (31.0–73.0) | 2413 | 51.0 (34.0–78.0) | 2085 | 51.0 (34.0–81.0) | 2116 | < 0.001 |
| Base excess (mmol/L) | 0.0 (− 2.8–2.5) | 7017 | 0.5 (− 2.1–2.9) | 2542 | 0.3 (− 2.2–2.6) | 2379 | − 1.0 (− 4.0–1.9) | 2096 | < 0.001 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 23.0 (20.4–25.8) | 9601 | 23.5 (20.9–25.9) | 2254 | 23.1 (20.5–26.0) | 2536 | 23.0 (20.0–25.7) | 4811 | < 0.001 |
| Bilirubin (umol/L) | 10.0 (7.0–14.0) | 29,034 | 9.0 (7.0–14.0) | 13,705 | 10.0 (7.0–14.0) | 11,029 | 9.0 (6.0–15.0) | 4300 | < 0.001 |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | 106.0 (53.0–179.0) | 34,518 | 94.4 (48.0–161.55) | 16,762 | 118.0 (63.0–191.0) | 13,899 | 118.5 (45.63–213.7) | 3857 | < 0.001 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 163.0 (76.0–427.75) | 4702 | 151.5 (67.75–409.0) | 1880 | 164.0 (80.0–431.0) | 1557 | 179.0 (83.0–450.0) | 1265 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 87.0 (68.95–120.0) | 42,151 | 87.0 (69.0–120.0) | 17,420 | 87.0 (69.0–116.0) | 14,859 | 87.52 (67.19–126.41) | 9872 | 0.20 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L) | 2.76 (0.9–375.0) | 1395 | 1.54 (0.75–9.82) | 357 | 6.94 (0.89–607.0) | 303 | 3.68 (1.02–453.0) | 735 | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin (ug/L) | 810.0 (384.0–1523.0) | 6244 | 735.0 (326.0–1425.7) | 2542 | 838.0 (411.92–1535.5) | 2460 | 942.0 (447.0–1672.75) | 1242 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.55 (6.2–10.4) | 33,299 | 7.0 (5.9–9.3) | 12,720 | 7.6 (6.3–10.5) | 12,543 | 8.49 (6.83–11.84) | 8036 | < 0.001 |
| Haematocrit (%) | 39.0 (34.6–42.3) | 11,810 | 39.7 (35.1–43.0) | 2389 | 39.0 (35.0–42.8) | 3064 | 38.6 (34.0–42.0) | 6357 | < 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 133.0 (117.0–146.0) | 50,242 | 133.0 (118.0–146.0) | 20,731 | 135.0 (121.0–148.0) | 19,009 | 127.0 (109.0–142.0) | 10,502 | < 0.001 |
| Interleukin 6 (ng/L) | 67.6 (23.0–169.0) | 433 | 43.51 (13.33–89.3) | 107 | 49.4 (21.48–129.5) | 128 | 131.3 (31.1–313.0) | 198 | < 0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 487.0 (349.0–684.0) | 7570 | 445.5 (328.0–621.5) | 2966 | 532.0 (374.0–741.0) | 2837 | 496.0 (353.0–708.5) | 1767 | < 0.001 |
| Lactic acid (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 21,382 | 1.4 (1.05–2.0) | 9154 | 1.5 (1.1–2.04) | 8553 | 1.55 (1.1–2.3) | 3675 | < 0.001 |
| Leukocytes (109/L) | 8.07 (5.7–12.0) | 50,673 | 7.4 (5.4–10.5) | 21,036 | 7.8 (5.6–11.3) | 19,043 | 10.77 (7.0–18.2) | 10,594 | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 0.8 (0.58–1.2) | 36,068 | 0.81 (0.59–1.2) | 18,019 | 0.8 (0.58–1.11) | 14,760 | 0.82 (0.55–1.3) | 3289 | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes/leukocytes (%) | 9.7 (5.35–15.65) | 879 | 11.0 (6.8–16.1) | 357 | 8.95 (5.0–16.58) | 130 | 8.6 (4.57–15.0) | 392 | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 5.8 (4.0–8.63) | 35,963 | 5.6 (3.87–8.31) | 18,020 | 5.8 (4.0–8.43) | 14,719 | 7.5 (4.7–11.5) | 3224 | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophils/leukocytes (%) | 82.0 (72.9–88.0) | 697 | 81.9 (74.4–87.3) | 293 | 80.4 (70.0–87.7) | 101 | 83.2 (73.2–88.95) | 303 | 0.26 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 199.0 (140.0–265.0) | 50,263 | 207.0 (157.0–271.0) | 20,811 | 202.0 (148.0–265.0) | 18,903 | 162.0 (0.3–249.0) | 10,549 | < 0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 (3.8–4.5) | 35,901 | 4.1 (3.74–4.5) | 14,512 | 4.1 (3.8–4.5) | 12,433 | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 8956 | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ug/L) | 0.24 (0.12–0.7) | 6234 | 0.2 (0.1–0.51) | 2191 | 0.24 (0.12–0.62) | 2839 | 0.4 (0.15–1.38) | 1204 | < 0.001 |
| Prothrombin intl. (ratio) | 1.1 (1.02–1.3) | 2728 | 1.09 (1.0–1.2) | 611 | 1.1 (1.03–1.3) | 604 | 1.14 (1.04–1.3) | 1513 | < 0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (s) | 13.0 (11.3–14.5) | 25,413 | 12.8 (11.1–14.4) | 11,834 | 13.0 (11.4–14.5) | 10,400 | 13.3 (11.8–14.8) | 3179 | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 136.0 (133.0–140.0) | 38,268 | 137.0 (134.0–140.0) | 15,894 | 136.0 (133.0–139.0) | 13,253 | 137.0 (133.0–141.0) | 9121 | < 0.001 |
| Troponin I (ug/L) | 0.07 (0.02–6.9) | 1437 | 0.03 (0.01–0.25) | 398 | 0.08 (0.02–10.3) | 257 | 0.13 (0.02–10.0) | 782 | < 0.001 |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 7.7 (5.1–12.85) | 46,588 | 7.1 (4.9–11.5) | 19,388 | 7.3 (5.0–11.6) | 17,614 | 10.35 (6.2–18.56) | 9586 | < 0.001 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance
HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, NIV non-invasive mechanical ventilation, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, IQR interquartile range, PTT partial thromboplastin time