Table 5. Overview of Non-steroid Small-Molecule Synergists.

namea	ref	FICI	pathogen	antibiotic	hemolytic activityb
Synergists Based on Approved Drugs
pentamidine	(240, 241)	0.25	E. coli	rifampicin	<10% (20 h)
compound 9	(240, 241)	<0.047	E. coli	rifampicin	>10% (20 h)
compound 21	(241)	≤0.094	E. coli	rifampicin	<10% (20 h)
compound 38	(241)	≤0.039	E. coli	rifampicin	>10% (20 h)
compound P35	(242)	0.094	A. baumannii	novobiocin	<10% (45 min)c
metformin	(245)	0.375	E. coli	vancomycin	<10% (1 h)
High-Throughput Screening Hits
MAC-0568743	(246)	≤0.16	E. coli	rifampicin	NR
liproxstatin-1	(246)	0.25d	E. coli	rifampicin	NR
BWC-Aza1	(247)	0.258	E. coli	rifampicin	<10% (45 min)
BWC-Aza2	(247)	0.06	A. baumannii	rifampicin	<10% (45 min)
Peptidomimetics
OAK C12(ω7)	(212)	≤0.073d	E. coli	rifampicin	>10% (3 h)
OAK C12	(212)	≤0.211d	E. coli	rifampicin	>10% (3 h)
OAK C10	(212)	≤0.036d	E. coli	rifampicin	<10% (3 h)c
OAK C8	(212)	≤0.078d	E. coli	rifampicin	<10% (3 h)c
C14(ω5)OOC10O	(213)	0.20d	K. pneumoniae	rifampicin	<10% (3 h)c
dUSTBP 2	(206)	≥0.250	P. aeruginosa	rifampicin	<10% (1 h)
dUSTBP 5	(206)	≥0.125	P. aeruginosa	rifampicin	<10% (1 h)
dUSTBP 8	(206)	≥0.002	A. baumannii	novobiocin	<10% (1 h)
Synergists with a Polyamine Motif
d-LANA-14	(249, 250)	0.09	P. aeruginosa	rifampicin	<10% (1 h)
naphthylacetylspermine	(251)	0.125d	E. coli	novobiocin	nr
bisacyl-homospermine 8a	(253)	0.304d	E. coli	rifampicin	<10% (30 min)
bisacyl-homospermine 8b	(253)	0.297d	E. coli	rifampicin	>10% (30 min)
spermidine analogue 14	(258)	0.255d	E. coli	erythromycin	<10% (1 h)c
spermidine analogue 17	(258)	0.255d	P. aeruginosa	erythromycin	<10% (1 h)c
600-Da BPEI	(261, 275)	0.26	P. aeruginosa	erythromycin	<10% (1 h)
Plant-Derived Synergists
eugenol	(262, 276)	≤0.2d	P. aeruginosa	rifampicin	<10% (24 h)
linalool	(263, 277)	0.37	E. coli	erythromycin	<10% (4 h)
thymol	(271, 278)	0.25	E. coli	erythromycin	<10% (1 h)
cinnamaldehyde	(271, 279)	0.24	E. coli	erythromycin	<10% (48 h)
trans-cinnamic acid	(272, 280)	0.36	E. coli	erythromycin	<50% (1 h)
ferulic acid	(272, 280)	0.48	E. coli	erythromycin	<50% (1 h)
3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid	(272, 280)	0.42	E. coli	erythromycin	<50% (1 h)
2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid	(272, 280)	0.22	E. coli	erythromycin	<50% (1 h)

^aCompound names are provided as given in the cited literature references.

^bNon-hemolytic is defined as <10% hemolysis compared to positive control, with incubation times denoted in parentheses; NR denotes no data reported.

^cConcentration tested was lower than 100 μg/mL.

^dFICI calculated from MIC values reported in the cited literature references.