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. 2022 Aug;10(16):869. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-3441

Table 3. The association between dietary selenium intake and bone mineral density by different age and sex.

Dietary selenium intake (quintile) Age <50 Age ≥50 Male Female
β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value
Total femur, gm/cm2
   Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
   Q2 −0.002 (−0.008, 0.005) 0.641 0.013 (0.004, 0.022) 0.003 0.006 (−0.003, 0.015) 0.186 0.002 (−0.005, 0.008) 0.620
   Q3 0.004 (−0.003, 0.011) 0.221 0.013 (0.004, 0.022) 0.005 0.005 (−0.004, 0.014) 0.260 0.006 (−0.001, 0.013) 0.082
   Q4 0.010 (0.003, 0.018) 0.005 0.017 (0.008, 0.027) <0.001 0.010 (0.001, 0.019) 0.029 0.012 (0.005, 0.020) 0.001
   Q5 0.015 (0.007, 0.022) <0.001 0.020 (0.009, 0.030) <0.001 0.016 (0.007, 0.025) <0.001 0.004 (−0.005, 0.013) 0.356
   P trend <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.012
Femur neck, gm/cm2
   Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
   Q2 0.000 (−0.007, 0.007) 0.959 0.006 (−0.002, 0.014) 0.156 0.002 (−0.006, 0.011) 0.599 0.000 (−0.006, 0.006) 0.960
   Q3 0.005 (−0.002, 0.012) 0.158 0.009 (0.001, 0.018) 0.031 0.002 (−0.006, 0.010) 0.646 0.006 (−0.001, 0.012) 0.095
   Q4 0.010 (0.002, 0.017) 0.009 0.013 (0.005, 0.022) 0.003 0.005 (−0.003, 0.014) 0.205 0.010 (0.003, 0.017) 0.005
   Q5 0.012 (0.004, 0.019) 0.003 0.019 (0.009, 0.029) <0.001 0.012 (0.004, 0.021) 0.005 0.001 (−0.008, 0.009) 0.869
   P trend <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.055
Trochanter, gm/cm2
   Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
   Q2 −0.002 (−0.008, 0.004) 0.484 0.010 (0.002, 0.017) 0.014 0.005 (−0.003, 0.013) 0.221 −0.000 (−0.006, 0.006) 0.976
   Q3 0.001 (−0.006, 0.007) 0.848 0.008 (−0.000, 0.016) 0.059 0.002 (−0.006, 0.010) 0.610 0.002 (−0.004, 0.008) 0.559
   Q4 0.007 (0.001, 0.013) 0.032 0.012 (0.004, 0.020) 0.004 0.007 (−0.001, 0.015) 0.078 0.008 (0.002, 0.015) 0.013
   Q5 0.011 (0.004, 0.017) 0.003 0.015 (0.005, 0.024) 0.002 0.013 (0.004, 0.021) 0.003 0.004 (−0.004, 0.012) 0.344
   P trend <0.001 0.003 0.002 0.034
Intertrochanter, gm/cm2
   Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
   Q2 −0.002 (−0.010, 0.006) 0.678 0.017 (0.007, 0.028) 0.001 0.007 (−0.003, 0.018) 0.163 0.004 (−0.004, 0.011) 0.372
   Q3 0.007 (−0.001, 0.015) 0.092 0.017 (0.007, 0.028) 0.002 0.008 (−0.003, 0.018) 0.144 0.010 (0.001, 0.018) 0.024
   Q4 0.012 (0.004, 0.021) 0.004 0.021 (0.010, 0.033) <0.001 0.012 (0.001, 0.022) 0.030 0.016 (0.007, 0.025) <0.001
   Q5 0.018 (0.009, 0.027) <0.001 0.022 (0.010, 0.035) <0.001 0.018 (0.007, 0.029) <0.001 0.006 (−0.005, 0.017) 0.251
   P trend <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.006
Lumbar spine, gm/cm2
   Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
   Q2 −0.006 (−0.014, 0.001) 0.072 0.005 (−0.008, 0.017) 0.469 −0.001 (−0.011, 0.010) 0.887 −0.004 (−0.012, 0.003) 0.270
   Q3 0.002 (−0.006, 0.009) 0.648 0.004 (−0.009, 0.017) 0.555 −0.000 (−0.010, 0.010) 0.960 0.003 (−0.006, 0.011) 0.502
   Q4 0.013 (0.005, 0.020) 0.001 0.006 (−0.007, 0.020) 0.370 0.006 (−0.004, 0.016) 0.232 0.014 (0.005, 0.023) 0.002
   Q5 0.017 (0.009, 0.025) <0.001 0.003 (−0.012, 0.018) 0.705 0.016 (0.005, 0.026) 0.003 −0.002 (−0.013, 0.009) 0.759
   P trend <0.001 0.642 <0.001 0.055

Model 1: crude model; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex (male and female), race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other race/ethnicity, or missing), education (under high school, high school, above high school, or missing), family income (under $20,000, $20,000–$55,000, $55,000 and over, or missing), body mass index (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese, or missing), leisure time physical activity (<500 MET/week, 500–999 MET/week, ≥1,000 MET/week, or missing), smoking status (yes, no, or missing), alcohol use (yes, no, or missing), dietary fiber intake, calcium intake, diabetes (yes, no, or missing), and hypertension (yes, no, or missing). Q1, quintile 1; Q2–Q5, higher quintiles. MET, metabolic equivalent.