Table 2.

Drugs which can increase the cholesterol and their potential to activate PXR.

Drug class	Drug	Mechanism	The influence on cholesterol	The influence on PXR	Reference
Antibiotic	Rifampicin	Bacterial RNA synthesis inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(135, 136)
Anticonvulsant	Carbamazepine	Blocking of central Na+ channel	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(18, 137)
Antihypertensive	Lacidipine	Ca2+ channel blocker	LDL↑	PXR agonist	(138)
Antineoplastic	Apalutamide	Antiandrogen	CHOL&LDL↑	Possible PXR agonist	(139)
	Mitotane	Adrenal cortex inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(140–142)
	Ruxolitinib	JAK inhibition	CHOL↑	Possible PXR agonist	(98)
	Brigatinib	Tyrosine kinase inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	Possible PXR agonist	(98)
	Dasatinib	Tyrosine kinase inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(138)
	Nilotinib	Tyrosine kinase inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(143)
Antipsychotic, atypical	Quetiapine	Inhibition of D2 and 5-HT2A receptors	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(95)
Antiretroviral	Efavirenz	Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(21, 144, 145)
	Etravirine	Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(146–149)
	Rilpivirine	Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(146)
	Darunavir	Protease inhibition	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(21)
	Fosamprenavir	Protease inhibition	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(150)
	Lopinavir	Protease inhibition	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(21)
	Ritonavir	Protease inhibition	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(151)
	Saquinavir	Protease inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(151)
Barbiturate	Phenobarbital	GABA stimulation	LDL↑	PXR agonist	(152, 153)
Immunosuppressant	Cyclosporin	Calcineurin inhibition	CHOL&LDL↑	PXR agonist	(154)
	Tacrolimus	Calcineurin inhibition	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(155)
	Dexamethasone	Glucocorticoid receptor activation	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(10, 156, 157)
Proton pump inhibitor	Lansoprazole	Stomach acid reduction	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(158)
Stimulant	Modafinil	Dopaminergic modulation	CHOL↑	PXR agonist	(159)