Table 4.
Multivariate single-metal model logistic regression the relationship between the heavy metals and the presence of kidney stone after PSM.
| Metals | Phosphorus | Magnesium | Copper | Selenium | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | |
| Overall | 0.929 | 0.307 | 0.001 | 0.297 | ||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.051 (0.906–1.219) | 0.512 | 0.903 (0.779–1.047) | 0.177 | 0.877 (0.754–1.021) | 0.092 | 1.134 (0.977–1.315) | 0.098 |
| Q3 | 1.023 (0.878–1.193) | 0.770 | 0.903 (0.775–1.052) | 0.191 | 0.876 (0.751–1.022) | 0.093 | 1.113 (0.957–1.295) | 0.165 |
| Q4 | 1.016 (0.865–1.193) | 0.849 | 0.865 (0.739–1.014) | 0.073 | 0.732 (0.626–0.856) | <0.001 | 1.034 (0.881–1.213) | 0.684 |
| Male | 0.680 | 0.129 | <0.001 | 0.306 | ||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.032 (0.825–1.291) | 0.783 | 0.884 (0.710–1.101) | 0.270 | 0.792 (0.632–0.992) | 0.042 | 1.135 (0.908–1.418) | 0.265 |
| Q3 | 1.024 (0.823–1.275) | 0.830 | 0.930 (0.751–1.153) | 0.510 | 0.822 (0.659–1.025) | 0.082 | 1.127 (0.909–1.396) | 0.276 |
| Q4 | 0.926 (0.744–1.152) | 0.491 | 0.784 (0.632–0.972) | 0.026 | 0.618 (0.497–0.768) | <0.001 | 0.975 (0.787–1.207) | 0.814 |
| Female | 0.265 | 0.261 | 0.827 | 0.562 | ||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.052 (0.860–1.287) | 0.621 | 0.925 (0.756–1.133) | 0.452 | 0.948 (0.769–1.169) | 0.619 | 1.108 (0.906–1.356) | 0.318 |
| Q3 | 0.972 (0.778–1.214) | 0.802 | 0.836 (0.667–1.047) | 0.119 | 0.903 (0.723–1.128) | 0.371 | 1.075 (0.864–1.338) | 0.517 |
| Q4 | 1.268 (0.976–1.647) | 0.075 | 1.074 (0.838–1.378) | 0.572 | 0.927 (0.731–1.176) | 0.535 | 1.192 (0.917–1.550) | 0.190 |
| BMI <25.0 kg/m2 | 0.888 | 0.330 | 0.291 | 0.480 | ||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 0.903 (0.642–1.269) | 0.556 | 1.097 (0.776–1.550) | 0.601 | 1.050 (0.737–1.496) | 0.788 | 1.244 (0.885–1.747) | 0.209 |
| Q3 | 0.892 (0.627–1.269) | 0.524 | 0.935 (0.654–1.336) | 0.711 | 1.024 (0.717–1.461) | 0.897 | 1.089 (0.762–1.554) | 0.641 |
| Q4 | 0.871 (0.592–1.280) | 0.481 | 0.784 (0.546–1.127) | 0.190 | 0.771 (0.538–1.104) | 0.155 | 0.961 (0.664–1.392) | 0.834 |
| BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 | 0.784 | 0.356 | 0.003 | 0.474 | ||||
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1.091 (0.924–1.287) | 0.305 | 0.870 (0.738–1.025) | 0.097 | 0.843 (0.712–0.998) | 0.048 | 1.113 (0.943–1.313) | 0.207 |
| Q3 | 1.057 (0.891–1.254) | 0.526 | 0.898 (0.758–1.065) | 0.217 | 0.846 (0.712–1.005) | 0.057 | 1.125 (0.951–1.330) | 0.169 |
| Q4 | 1.051 (0.880–1.257) | 0.581 | 0.884 (0.741–1.055) | 0.172 | 0.716 (0.601–0.853) | <0.001 | 1.050 (0.879–1.255) | 0.593 |
CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; PSM, propensity score matching.
Adjusted to: gender, age, race, marital status, education level, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vigorous physical activities, moderate physical activities, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).