Table 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants

Indexes	Mean (SD)
	Control group	Exercise group
Craving scorea (baseline)	5.38 (3.04)	4.677 (2.93)
Age	34.04 (8.73)	32.54 (8.18)
Age of the first time consuming drugs (age)	23.40 (6.72)	23.23 (5.98)
The duration of using drugs (years)	10.55 (8.42)	8.39 (5.18)*
Abstinent time (months)	12.62 (6.11)	9.46 (6.11)
Frequency of using drugs (days/week)	4.63 (3.43)	4.20 (2.61)
Education (years)	8.84 (2.90)	9.23 (2.61)
Excessive drinkingb	43% (n = 20)	33% (n = 16)
Smoking	98% (n = 46)	90% (n = 43)

^*Statistically significant difference between control group and exercise group

^aThe craving score was assessed by visual analog scale

^bDrinking more than 5 times per week

SD standard deviation