. 2022 Apr 26;10(9):3128–3142. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2912

TABLE 1.

Changes in titratable acidity (TTA) and pH during spontaneous and controlled fermentation of African nightshade (ANS)

Days	Parameter	SvSFP (SF)	SvCFP (CF)	SsSFP (SF)	SsCFP (CF)
0	pH	7.4 ± 0.1^a1	7.4 ± 0.1^a1	7.4 ± 0.1^a1	7.4 ± 0.1^a1
0	TTA	0.072 ± 0.00^aA	0.072 ± 0.00^aA	0.045 ± 0.00^bA	0.045 ± 0.00^bA
1	pH	4.5 ± 0.1^a2	3.5 ± 0.2^b2	4.7 ± 0.3^a1	3.5 ± 0.2^b2
1	TTA	0.2 ± 0.01^aB	0.37 ± 0.01^bB	0.1 ± 0.00^cB	0.4 ± 0.01^bB
2	pH	3.7 ± 0.1^a3	3.4 ± 0.2^a2	4 ± 0.2^b3	3.4 ± 0.1^a2
2	TTA	0.24 ± 0.02^aB	0.42 ± 0.03^bC	0.18 ± 0.02^cC	0.52 ± 0.03^dC
3	pH	3.5 ± 0.2^a3	3.4 ± 0.1^a2	4 ± 0.0^b3	3.4 ± 0.0^a2
3	TTA	0.3 ± 0.01^aC	0.56 ± 0.03^bD	0.2 ± 0.01^cC	0.54 ± 0.02^bC
4	pH	3.4 ± 0.1^a3	3.3 ± 0.2^a2	3.9 ± 0.1^b3	3.3 ± 0.2^a2
4	TTA	0.34 ± 0.00^aC	0.61 ± 0.01^bE	0.25 ± 0.02^cCD	0.56 ± 0.02^dC
5	pH	3.4 ± 0.1^a3	3.2 ± 0.1^a2	3.8 ± 0.0^b3	3.2 ± 0.0^a2
5	TTA	0.37 ± 0.00^aD	0.64 ± 0.00^bE	0.27 ± 0.01^cD	0.62 ± 0.02^bD
6	pH	3.4 ± 0.0^a3		3.7 ± 0.2^b3
6	TTA	0.42 ± 0.02^aE		0.3 ± 0.04^bDE
7	pH	3.4 ± 0.0^a3		3.6 ± 0.2^a34
7	TTA	0.51 ± 0.01^aF		0.33 ± 0.01^bE
8	pH	3.3 ± 0.0^a3		3.5 ± 0.3^a34
8	TTA	0.52 ± 0.02^aF		0.35 ± 0.02^bE
9	pH	3.3 ± 0.2^a3		3.5 ± 0.0^a4
9	TTA	0.57 ± 0.03^aG		0.37 ± 0.01^bEF
10	pH	3.3 ± 0.0^a3		3.4 ± 0.2^a34
10	TTA	0.6 ± 0.02^aG		0.4 ± 0.00^bF
15	pH	3.3 ± 0.1^a3		3.3 ± 0.1^a34
15	TTA	0.64 ± 0.02^aG		0.68 ± 0.04^aG

Mean value (n = 3) ± SD. Means with different superscript small letters within a row (pH and TTA) are significantly different p < .05. Means with different superscript capital letters within a column (TTA) are significantly different p < .05. Means with different superscript numbers within a column (pH) are significantly different p < .05.

Abbreviations: SvSFP, S. villosum spontaneous fermented pickle; SvCFP, S. villosum controlled fermented pickle; SsSFR, S. scabrum spontaneous fermented relish; SsCFR, S. scabrum controlled fermented relish.