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. 2022 Aug 30;9:961027. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.961027

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Copyright © 2022 Khaledi, Sameni, Yahyazade, Radandish, Owlia, Bagheri, Afkhami, Mahjoor, Esmaelpour, Kohansal and Aghaei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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JAK/STAT signaling induction by type I and II cytokines. (1) In the resting state, the subunits of type I and II cytokine receptors are at a short distance from each other. (2) The engagement of ligand with receptors leads to receptor dimerization and JAK activation. (3) The activated JAKs phosphorylate the tyrosine residue of the receptor which recruits various members of STAT proteins. (4) Phosphorylated and activated STATs make themselves dimmer. (4) STATs complex translocates to the cell nucleus. (5) STATs bind to the promoter and lead to the transcription of cytokine-responsive genes (99).