Table 3.
Drug studies targeting the CCL2-CCR2 axis for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
| Drug | Type of drug | Target | Nature of action | Conditions | Stage | NCT number/References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11K2 | Monoclonal antibody | CCL2, CCL12 | CCL2/CCL12 inhibitory antibody | Atherosclerosis | Pre | (118) |
| Bindarit | Small molecule | NF-κB | CCL2/CCL7/CCL8 inhibitor | Atherosclerosis, Coronary stent restenosis |
Pre II |
(44, 127, 128) NCT01269242 |
| 7ND | Recombinant CCL2 variant |
CCL2 | CCL2 Dominant-negative inhibitor | Atherosclerosis, Experimental restenosis, Vascular remodeling after injury |
Pre | (129, 130) |
| PA508 | Recombinant CCL2 variant |
CCL2 | CCL2 competitor | Atherosclerosis, Myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury |
Pre | (45) |
| RS102895 | Small molecule | CCR2, Human ADRA1A, Human ADRA1D, Rat HTR1A |
CCR2/Human ADRA1A/Human ADRA1D/Rat HTR1A antagonist | Ischemia/reperfusion injury, Hypertension | Pre | (33, 95, 96, 132) |
| RS504393 | Small molecule | CCR2, Human ADRA1A, Human ADRA1D, Rat HTR1A |
CCR2/Human ADRA1A/Human ADRA1D/Rat HTR1A antagonist | Hypertension, Cardiac Hypertrophy |
Pre | (31, 98) |
| Propagermanium | Organometallics | GPI‐anchored proteins associated to CCR2 | CCR2 inhibitor | Atherosclerosis | Pre | (46, 134, 135) |
| TLK-19705 | Small molecule | CCR2, CCR5 | CCR2/CCR5 antagonist | Atherosclerosis | Pre | (100) |
| INCB-3344 | Small molecule | CCR2 | CCR2 antagonist | Atherosclerosis | Pre | (88) |
| GSK1344386B | Small molecule | CCR2 | CCR2 antagonist | Atherosclerosis | Pre | (85) |
| MLN1202 | Monoclonal antibody | CCR2 | CCR2 inhibitory antibody | Atherosclerosis | II | NCT00715169 |