Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards regression for one-year mortality among 7,623 critically ill surgical patients.
| Characteristics | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% C.I.) | p value | HR (95% C.I.) | p value | |
| Basic characteristics | ||||
| Age, per 1 year increment | 1.026 (1.023–1.029) | <0.001 | 1.007 (1.004–1.010) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 1.246 (1.131–1.372) | <0.001 | 1.144 (1.037–1.262) | 0.007 |
| Body mass index, per 1 increment | 0.946 (0.936–0.957) | <0.001 | 0.964 (0.953–0.974) | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.308 (1.274–1.343) | <0.001 | 1.168 (1.134–1.202) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Severity and managements | ||||
| APACHE II score, per 1 increment | 1.130 (1.121–1.139) | <0.001 | 1.058 (1.049–1.068) | <0.001 |
| Presence of shock | 2.533 (2.314–2.773) | <0.001 | 1.508 (1.361–1.671) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Surgical divisions | ||||
| Cardiovascular surgery | 0.366 (0.309–0.435) | <0.001 | 0.266 (0.221–0.320) | <0.001 |
| Neurosurgery | 0.446 (0.398–0.499) | <0.001 | 0.612 (0.539–0.697) | <0.001 |
| Major abdomen surgery | 1.986 (1.722–2.290) | <0.001 | 0.712 (0.612–0.827) | <0.001 |
| Receiving RBC transfusion | 2.452 (2.227–2.700) | <0.001 | 1.012 (0.894–1.146) | 0.851 |
| Receiving mechanical ventilation | 1.708 (1.531–1.905) | <0.001 | 1.093 (0.970–1.231) | 0.146 |
| Receiving renal replacement therapy | 4.050 (3.574–4.590) | <0.001 | 1.422 (1.235–1.637) | <0.001 |
| Fluid overload, day 1–3, per 1 litre increment | 1.166 (1.149–1.183) | <0.001 | 1.036 (1.019–1.054) | <0.001 |
| Positive microbiological culture | 3.054 (2.787–3.346) | <0.001 | 1.298 (1.165–1.446) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Platelet (per 103/μL increment) | 0.995 (0.994–0.995) | <0.001 | 0.998 (0.998–0.999) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (per 1 mg/dL increment) | 0.434 (0.407–0.464) | <0.001 | 0.766 (0.709–0.827) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin <10 g/dL | 2.880 (2.631–3.153) | <0.001 | 1.170 (1.045–1.310) | 0.007 |
PSM, propensity score matching; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; CBPS, covariate balancing propensity score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.