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. 2022 Sep 7;54(9):1332–1344. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01165-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, Median causal estimates for MR analyses using the CAUSE method and causal estimates from the MR-PRESSO method after outlier removal and accounting for horizontal pleiotropy. b, The causal effects of LST on complex risk factors and diseases without (in orange) and with (in blue) adjusting for BMI. Dots and error bars show the estimated causal effect sizes and 95% CI. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; T2D, type 2 diabetes.