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. 2022 Sep 13;12:15395. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19814-0

Table 2.

Statistical results of MPP and PTI with and without insoles (mean (SD)).

Plantar region Barefoot PORON Medical 4708 Pe-Lite Nora Lunalight A fresh Nora Lunalastik EVA P value ηp2
MPP (kPa)
Toes 169.6 (64.6) 180.6 (40.7) 225.7 (35.6)# 266.3 (70.4)** 197.8 (37.1) < 0.001** 0.869
Forefoot 306.2 (68.3) 149.6 (28.6)** 184.5 (44.3)** 207.1 (65.8)** 164.1 (32.0)** < 0.001** 0.934
Midfoot 106.5 (40.2) 84.0 (11.1) 100.1 (18.2) 100.9 (22.3) 93.3 (19.4) 0.002# 0.603
Rearfoot 266.6 (43.4) 146.4 (22.7)** 171.9 (20.6)** 192.4 (30.1)** 159.0 (18.2)** < 0.001** 0.923
PTI (kPa*s)
Toes 54.5 (22.4) 66.9 (16.3)# 84.3 (23.3) ** 96.7 (28.4)** 75.3 (19.4)** < 0.001** 0.786
Forefoot 114.0 (29.8) 62.9 (10.5)** 74.9 (16.1)** 82.6 (23.8)** 68.2 (13.2)** < 0.001** 0.845
Midfoot 46.8 (18.0) 46.4 (8.6) 52.9 (11.3) 53.2 (14.0) 49.9 (10.8) 0.012# 0.494
Rearfoot 94.2 (13.6) 58.4 (9.2)** 66.8 (9.6)** 74.6 (11.3)** 63.0 (10.3)** < 0.001** 0.934

#Indicates P < 0.05, **indicate P < 0.001, significant difference from barefoot.

MPP indicates mean of peak pressure. PTI indicates pressure–time integral.

Significant values are in bold.