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. 2022 Sep 13;6:42. doi: 10.1038/s41538-022-00158-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A PCoA of the Weighted UniFrac distance matrix of fecal microbiota. B Weighted UniFrac distances between APs-treated and control microbiota was plotted and compared to the distances within control samples. Significance was determined by PERMANOVA. FDR ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01. C–E Alpha diversity analysis of gut microbiota between control and APs-treated groups measured with Shannon index (C), Pielou’s evenness index (D), and the number of observed OTUs (E). Significance was determined by ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. The values are expressed as the means ± S.E.M., n = 9 per group. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001.