Table 5.
Multivariable-adjusted HRsa and 95% CIs for associations between physical activity measures and CRC in subgroups based on mutation and MMR status, by sex and tumor location; NLCS, 1986–2006
| Person-years at risk | Total | Wild-type + pMMRb | Any-mutation/dMMRc | p-het | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ncases | HR (95% CI) | ncases | HR (95% CI) | ncases | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Non-occupational physical activity (min/day): range (median) | ||||||||
| Men—colon | ||||||||
| ≤ 30 | 4997 | 132 | 1.00 (ref.) | 49 | 1.00 (ref.) | 83 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 31–60 | 10,100 | 242 | 0.89 (0.69–1.16) | 94 | 0.95 (0.64–1.39) | 148 | 0.86 (0.63–1.17) | |
| 61–90 | 6001 | 156 | 0.99 (0.75–1.32) | 62 | 1.08 (0.71–1.63) | 94 | 0.95 (0.67–1.33) | |
| > 90 | 9925 | 224 | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) | 104 | 1.10 (0.76–1.60) | 120 | 0.71 (0.51–0.97) | 0.232 |
| p-trend | 0.356 | 0.402 | 0.050 | |||||
| per 30 min/day | 31,022 | 754 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 309 | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 445 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.204 |
| Men—rectum | ||||||||
| ≤ 30 | 4997 | 18 | 1.00 (ref.) | 13 | 1.00 (ref.) | 5 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 31–60 | 10,100 | 73 | 1.92 (1.12–3.30) | 41 | 1.49 (0.78–2.85) | 32 | 3.03 (1.16–7.89) | |
| 61–90 | 6001 | 57 | 2.57 (1.47–4.47) | 38 | 2.33 (1.21–4.47) | 19 | 3.13 (1.15–8.52) | |
| > 90 | 9925 | 76 | 2.09 (1.22–3.59) | 43 | 1.62 (0.85–3.08) | 33 | 3.32 (1.28–8.60) | 0.450 |
| p-trend | 0.012 | 0.104 | 0.033 | |||||
| per 30 min/day | 31,022 | 224 | 1.04 (0.98–1.09) | 135 | 1.04 (0.96–1.11) | 89 | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.850 |
| Women—colon | ||||||||
| ≤ 30 | 7756 | 169 | 1.00 (ref.) | 52 | 1.00 (ref.) | 117 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 31–60 | 10,923 | 198 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 44 | 0.58 (0.38–0.89) | 154 | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) | |
| 61–90 | 8000 | 148 | 0.84 (0.64–1.09) | 47 | 0.85 (0.56–1.30) | 101 | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | |
| > 90 | 7550 | 115 | 0.70 (0.53–0.93) | 36 | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 79 | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) | 0.145 |
| p-trend | 0.021 | 0.344 | 0.024 | |||||
| per 30 min/day | 34,228 | 630 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 179 | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | 451 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.623 |
| Women—rectum | ||||||||
| ≤ 30 | 7756 | 31 | 1.00 (ref.) | 14 | 1.00 (ref.) | 17 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 31–60 | 10,923 | 44 | 1.03 (0.63–1.67) | 26 | 1.30 (0.66–2.56) | 18 | 0.78 (0.39–1.55) | |
| 61–90 | 8000 | 34 | 1.06 (0.64–1.75) | 12 | 0.79 (0.36–1.76) | 22 | 1.27 (0.67–2.39) | |
| > 90 | 7550 | 22 | 0.72 (0.41–1.26) | 12 | 0.83 (0.38–1.82) | 10 | 0.61 (0.28–1.37) | 0.214 |
| p-trend | 0.285 | 0.325 | 0.563 | |||||
| per 30 min/day | 34,228 | 131 | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 64 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 67 | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) | 0.206 |
| Occupational energy expenditure (kJ/min) | ||||||||
| Men—colon | 25,073 | 564 | 226 | 338 | ||||
| < 8 | 15,144 | 365 | 1.00 (ref.) | 152 | 1.00 (ref.) | 213 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 8–12 | 6368 | 133 | 0.83 (0.65–1.05) | 54 | 0.80 (0.57–1.12) | 79 | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | |
| > 12 | 3561 | 66 | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 20 | 0.51 (0.30–0.84) | 46 | 0.85 (0.59–1.23) | 0.201 |
| p-trend | 0.017 | 0.006 | 0.274 | |||||
| Men—rectum | 25,073 | 185 | 114 | 71 | ||||
| < 8 | 15,144 | 107 | 1.00 (ref.) | 65 | 1.00 (ref.) | 42 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 8–12 | 6368 | 57 | 1.35 (0.95–1.91) | 35 | 1.38 (0.89–2.13) | 22 | 1.30 (0.75–2.24) | |
| > 12 | 3561 | 21 | 0.84 (0.51–1.39) | 14 | 0.91 (0.49–1.70) | 7 | 0.73 (0.33–1.61) | 0.956 |
| p-trend | 0.905 | 0.746 | 0.801 | |||||
| Occupational sitting time (h/day) | ||||||||
| Men—colon | 25,073 | 564 | 226 | 338 | ||||
| > 6 | 6511 | 187 | 1.00 (ref.) | 85 | 1.00 (ref.) | 102 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 2–6 | 11,617 | 244 | 0.70 (0.55–0.88) | 87 | 0.55 (0.39–0.77) | 157 | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | |
| < 2 | 6944 | 133 | 0.63 (0.48–0.83) | 54 | 0.56 (0.38–0.81) | 79 | 0.70 (0.50–0.97) | 0.102 |
| p-trend | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.034 | |||||
| Men—rectum | 25,073 | 185 | 114 | 71 | ||||
| > 6 | 6511 | 60 | 1.00 (ref.) | 39 | 1.00 (ref.) | 21 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 2–6 | 11,617 | 69 | 0.62 (0.43–0.89) | 40 | 0.55 (0.35–0.87) | 29 | 0.75 (0.42–1.33) | |
| < 2 | 6944 | 56 | 0.88 (0.60–1.30) | 35 | 0.84 (0.52–1.37) | 21 | 0.96 (0.52–1.79) | 0.730 |
| p-trend | 0.541 | 0.500 | 0.912 | |||||
HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval; CRC colorectal cancer; (d/p)MMR mismatch repair (deficient/proficient); NLCS Netherlands Cohort Study; p-het p-heterogeneity
aHazard Ratios were adjusted for age (years; continuous), BMI (kg/m2; continuous), total energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), family history of CRC (yes/no), alcohol consumption (0; 0.1–4; 5–14; > 15 g/day), processed meat intake (g/day; continuous), red meat intake (g/day; continuous). Age was included as a time-varying covariate
bThis group excludes cases with mutations in any of the genes (KRAS, PIK3CA, or BRAF), as well as MMR deficient cases
cThis group includes cases with mutations in any of the genes (KRAS, PIK3CA, or BRAF) and/or cases that are MMR deficient