Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population
| Comparison between MM groups and non-MM group | Comparison among MM groups | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-MM | BEF | p-valuea | SUS | p-valueb | DUR | p-valuec | BEF versus SUS | BEF versus DUR | SUS versus DUR | |
| Patient number, n (%) | 280 (65.6%) | 49 (11.5%) | – | 32 (7.5%) | – | 66 (15.4%) | – | – | – | – |
|
Age at diagnosis (years) Median (range) |
33.0 (20.0–43.0) | 32.0 (18.0–44.0) | 0.177 | 29.0 (24.0–40.0) | 0.001 | 31.0 (25.0–44.0) | 0.022 | 0.093 | 0.687 | 0.064 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) Median (range) |
24.34 (10.66–51.56) | 23.01 (15.94–41.52) | 0.130 | 23.44 (16.38–32.65) | 0.084 | 25.80 (16.80–43.55) | 0.013 | 0.703 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| DM, n (%) | 27 (9.6%) | 2 (4.1%) | 0.320 | 0 (0.0%) | 0.132 | 6 (9.1%) | 0.891 | 0.671 | 0.501 | 0.190 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 63 (22.5%) | 6 (12.2%) | 0.104 | 5 (15.6%) | 0.372 | 19 (28.8%) | 0.280 | 0.918 | 0.033 | 0.155 |
| IR, n (%) | 105 (37.5%) | 16 (32.7%) | 0.516 | 9 (28.1%) | 0.297 | 33 (50.0%) | 0.062 | 0.666 | 0.063 | 0.040 |
| MS, n (%) | 132 (47.1%) | 16 (32.7%) | 0.060 | 9 (28.1%) | 0.041 | 36 (54.5%) | 0.279 | 0.666 | 0.020 | 0.014 |
|
E2 (pg/ml) Median (range) |
55 (4–1237) | 55 (12–392) | 0.294 | 54 (8–270) | 0.896 | 52 (2–583) | 0.434 | 0.440 | 0.773 | 0.666 |
|
T (ng/ml) Median (range) |
0.42 (0.01–2.15) | 0.37 (0.02–1.13) | 0.582 | 0.44 (0.01–1.55) | 0.273 | 0.35 (0.01–23.56) | 0.391 | 0.175 | 0.801 | 0.130 |
|
FSH (mIU/ml) Median (range) |
6.27 (0.56–49.18) | 6.87 (1.43–26.67) | 0.048 | 6.21 (1.52–11.87) | 0.648 | 5.87 (0.94–53.00) | 0.923 | 0.267 | 0.086 | 0.570 |
|
LH (mIU/ml) Median (range) |
5.30 (0.10–389.00) | 4.33 (0.20–76.39) | 0.912 | 6.73 (0.22–50.87) | 0.262 | 4.49 (0.53–17.55) | 0.606 | 0.444 | 0.741 | 0.160 |
|
SHBG (nmol/L) Median (range) |
30.25 (3.50–200.00) | 33.50 (13.20–187.70) | 0.152 | 31.20 (9.00–109.70) | 0.966 | 26.45 (6.06–200.00) | 0.437 | 0.271 | 0.071 | 0.560 |
| Treatment, n (%) | 0.967 | 0.579 | 0.052 | 0.587 | 0.099 | 0.479 | ||||
| MA | 154 (55.0%) | 26 (53.1%) | 20 (62.5%) | 38 (57.6%) | – | – | – | |||
| MA + MET | 83 (29.6%) | 15 (30.6%) | 9 (28.1%) | 25 (37.9%) | – | – | – | |||
| Otherd | 43 (15.4%) | 8 (16.3%) | 3 (9.4%) | 3 (4.5%) | – | – | – | |||
| Prevention method | 0.100 | 0.138 | 0.673 | 0.261 | 0.607 | 0.403 | ||||
| LNG-IUS | 93 (52.5%) | 14 (43.8%) | 7 (38.9%) | 20 (52.6%) | – | – | – | |||
| MPA | 24 (13.6%) | 1 (3.1%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (7.9%) | – | – | – | |||
| OC | 48 (27.1%) | 14 (43.8%) | 9 (50.0%) | 13 (34.2%) | – | – | – | |||
| None | 12 (6.8%) | 3 (9.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.3%) | – | – | – | |||
| Method for pregnancye, n (%) | 0.520 | 0.139 | 0.915 | 0.448 | 0.871 | 0.149 | ||||
| Natural pregnancy | 21 (14.2%) | 2 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (11.4%) | – | – | – | |||
| Ovulation induction | 31 (20.9%) | 9 (28.1%) | 9 (34.7%) | 8 (22.9%) | – | – | – | |||
| IVF | 79 (53.4%) | 18 (56.3%) | 14 (53.8%) | 20 (57.1%) | – | – | – | |||
| Unknown | 17 (11.5%) | 3 (9.4%) | 3 (11.5%) | 3 (8.6%) | – | – | – | |||
MM morular metaplasia, BEF MM before treatment group, SUS sustained MM group, DUR MM during treatment group, BMI body mass index, BMI = weight/height2, DM diabetes mellitus, IR insulin resistance, MS metabolic syndrome, E2 estradiol, T testosterone, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin, MA megestrol acetate, 160 mg/day, MET metformin, 1500 mg/day, LNG-IUS levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, MPA medroxyprogesterone acetate, OC oral contraceptive pills, IVF in vitro fertilization
ap-value: difference between BEF and non-MM group
bp-value: difference between SUS and non-MM group
cp-value: difference between DUR and non-MM group
dOther regimen: levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), ethinylestradiol cyproterone (Diane-35), or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a) plus letrozole
eAmong patients who plan for parenthood