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. 2022 Jun 20;127(6):1142–1152. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01886-4

Fig. 4. Autophagic blockers Mibefradil/Chloroquine, Vemurafenib and M-CSF mAb-combined therapy induce apoptotic cell death and impair migration of BRAFV600E-resistant melanoma cells.

Fig. 4

a Monitoring autophagic flux by mRFP-EGFP-LC3B assay in resistant melanoma cells after M-CSF mAb, Mibefradil or Vemurafenib treatment. b WB and quantification of LC3II protein levels from Sk-Mel-28R melanoma cell line exposed to CQ for 1 h and M-CSF mAb (20 ng/mL). c Cell viability assay, d apoptotic Annexin V assay and e wound-healing assay of Sk-Mel-28R cells treated with Vemurafenib (1 μM) and/or M-CSF mAb (20 ng/mL) and/or combined with Mibefradil (5 μM) or CQ (12.5 μM). Graphs show mean + SEM. n > 3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test, followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, non-significant).