Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics according to survival status in the ELSA Study (weighted data)
| Overall population (n = 6244) | Alive at follow-up (n = 4852) | Dead at follow-up (n = 1392) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPI, mean (SD) | 0.25 (0.19) | 0.25 (0.17) | 0.39 (0.21) | < 0.0001 |
| MPI risk group, n (%) | ||||
| Low (< 0.25) | 3114 (51.4) | 2698 (58.4) | 417 (29.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Moderate (0.25–0.43) | 1845 (30.5) | 1335 (28.9) | 510 (35.5) | |
| Severe (> 0.43) | 1096 (18.1) | 584 (12.7) | 513 (35.6) | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 71.8 (8.1) | 69.9 (7.1) | 78.2 (8.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 2696 (44.5) | 2000 (43.3) | 697 (48.4) | 0.0007 |
| Education > 11 years of schooling, n (%) | 1431 (24.7) | 1185 (26.8) | 246 (18.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 794 (13.1) | 572 (12.4) | 222 (15.4) | 0.0029 |
| Difficulties in ADL, n (%) (1 missing) | ||||
| 0 | 4517 (74.6) | 3672 (79.5) | 845 (58.7) | < 0.0001 |
| 1, 2, 3 | 1365 (22.5) | 866 (18.8) | 499 (34.7) | |
| 4, 5 | 174 (2.9) | 79 (1.7) | 95 (6.6) | |
| Difficulties in IADL, n (%) (1 missing) | ||||
| 0 | 5051 (83.4) | 4096 (88.7) | 954 (66.3) | < 0.0001 |
| 1, 2, 3 | 888 (14.7) | 483 (10.5) | 404 (28.1) | |
| 4, 5 | 117 (1.9) | 37 (0.8) | 80 (5.6) | |
| CESD, n (%) (151 missing) | ||||
| 0 | 2201 (37.3) | 1827 (40.1) | 375 (27.7) | < 0.0001 |
| 1 | 1476 (25.0) | 1192 (26.2) | 284 (21.0) | |
| ≥ 2 | 2227 (37.7) | 1534 (33.7) | 693 (51.3) | |
| Physical activity level, n (%) | ||||
| High/moderate | 3693 (61.0) | 3122 (67.6) | 571 (39.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Low | 1735 (28.7) | 1208 (26.2) | 527 (36.6) | |
| Sedentary | 628 (10.3) | 287 (6.2) | 341 (23.7) | |
| BMI, n (%) (1252 missing) | ||||
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 1365 (28.4) | 1014 (26.4) | 351 (36.5) | < 0.0001 |
| 25.0–34.9 kg/m2 | 3104 (64.6) | 2545 (66.2) | 559 (58.2) | |
| < 18.5 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 | 335 (7.0) | 285 (7.4) | 51 (5.3) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| 0, 1, 2 | 3403 (56.2) | 2808 (60.8) | 595 (41.3) | < 0.0001 |
| 3, 4 | 1875 (31.0) | 1318 (28.6) | 557 (38.7) | |
| ≥ 5 | 778 (12.8) | 490 (10.6) | 288 (20.0) | |
| Cohabitation status, n (%) (1 missing) | ||||
| With family | 4131 (68.2) | 3338 (72.3) | 793 (55.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Alone | 1924 (31.8) | 1278 (27.7) | 647 (44.9) | |
| CASP score, median (Q1, Q3) (1952 missing) | 43 (37, 47) | 43 (38, 48) | 40 (34, 45) | < 0.0001 |
SD standard deviation, Q1 Quartile 1, Q3 Quartile 3, MPI multidimensional prognostic index, ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, CESD Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, BMI body mass index, CASP Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure