TABLE 2.
Effects of RAPA‐, MET‐, and RAPA/MET‐treatment in type 2 diabetic NcZ10 mice: Health and functional test results at end of study
| Group | UNT | RAPA | MET | RAPA/MET |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG (mg/dl) | 336 ± 22 | 445 ± 13** | 344 ± 38 | 319 ± 28 |
| Total Chol. (mg/dl) | 144 ± 7 | 160 ± 5 | 132 ± 6 | 135 ± 10 |
| HDLD Chol. (mg/dl) | 114 ± 5 | 126 ± 3 | 106 ± 5 | 97 ± 4* |
| NEFA (mEq/L) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 |
| Insulin (ng/ml) | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.1*** | 2.5 ± 0.4* | 1.1 ± 0.1*** |
| HOMA‐IR index | 72.6 ± 35.7 | 38.2 ± 4.5** | 51.3 ± 9.0 | 23.8 ± 4.0*** |
| IGF‐1 (ng/ml) | 589 ± 32 | 532 ± 25 | 517 ± 20 | 453 ± 22** |
| Hepatic lipidosis‡ | 9/10 | 0/9*** | 5/10* | 0/9*** |
| IENF (profiles/mm) | 12.2 ± 1.9 | 12.3 ± 1.0 | 11.4 ± 1.2 | 11.9 ± 1.4 |
Note: Mean ± SE. ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer HSD, significant effects indicated for pairwise comparisons of untreated to treated groups: ***p ≤0.0001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05. N = 6–10. ‡Presence/absence of lipidosis evaluated by nominal logistic regression, overall effect, p < 0.0001. Untreated = UNT, RAPA‐treated = RAPA, MET‐treated = MET, RAPA/MET‐treated = RAPA/MET, TG = triglycerides; Chol. = cholesterol; NEFA = non‐esterified fatty acids; IENF = intra‐epidermal small sensory nerve fiber density. Insulin and HOMA‐IR were assessed at 12 weeks of treatment, IGF‐1 at 16 weeks of treatment, all others at 17–18 weeks of treatment.