Table 3.

Mutation of acyltransferase and phospholipase by CRISPR/Cas9.

Gene name	Technique	Promoter of Cas9	Method	Phenotype	Fatty acid WT (%)	Fatty acid Mutant (%)	Mutation type	References
CsDGAT1	CRISPR/Cas9	CaMV 35S	Floral dipping	Wrinkled and darker seeds, lower oil content	cv. Suneson18:2, 18:3 (22.8, 28.0%)	18:2, 18:3 D4 (25.1, 27.6%) D5 (29.7, 25.8%)	D4,D5 –DGAT1 homozygous mutant	Aznar-Moreno and Durrett, 2017
CsPDAT1					Similar to wild type		P1,P3 – PDAT1 homozygous mutant
AtGPAT1	CRISPR/Cas9	CaMV 35S	Floral dipping	Increased the plant height and decreased the seed oil contents Increased the cell length	-	Saturated fatty acids are reduced MUFAs increase	−26 bp	Bai et al., 2021
BnLPAT2	CRISPR/Cas9	2x 35S	Agrobacterium-mediated hypocotyl transformation	Seed weight decreases, seeds are wrinkled, oil bodies increase	-	Oil content decreases	A lot of mutant alleles	Zhang et al., 2019b
BnLPAT5
TaROD1	CRISPR/Cas9	Ubiquitin4-2 (Petroselinum crispum)	Floral dipping	No difference	18:1 (12%) 18:2 (18%)	18:1 (~23%) 18:2 (~9%)	rod1-3 (−18 bp) rod1-4 (+1 bp) rod1-5 (+1 bp)	Jarvis et al., 2021
OsPLDα1	CRISPR/Cas9	Ubiquitin	Agrobacterium-mediated transformation	Phytic acid content Xidao#1 (9.1 mg/g) osplda1-1 (8.2 mg/g) osplda1-2(8.14 mg/g)			osplda1-1 (−2 bp) osplda1-2 (−1 bp)	Khan et al., 2019
				Amylose content, pasting properties, and retrogradation properties differ compared to wild type				Khan et al., 2020
GmpPLA-IIε GmpPLA-IIζ	CRISPR/Cas9	Not mentioned	Agrobacterium-mediated transformation	Knockout mutant is tolerant to iron-deficient condition, droughts, and flooding.			ppla-IIε/ppla-IIζ-1 (−1 bp, −26 bp) ppla-IIε/ppla-IIζ-2 (+1 bp, −4 bp) ppla-IIε/ppla-IIζ-3 (−139 bp, larger –bp and + bp) ppla-IIε-1 (−14 bp) ppla-IIε-2 (−4 bp) ppla-IIζ-1 (−7 bp)	Xiao et al., 2021