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. 2022 Aug 31;13:905376. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905376

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Myr inhibits the migration, invasion, and TNF-α–induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs of RA FLSs. The cells were pretreated with DMSO or Myr (100, 200, and 400 μM) for 24 h (A–D) The migration and invasion of RA FLSs were evaluated by a Boyden chamber assay. Transwell inserts coated with a Matrigel basement membrane matrix were used to detect the invasion of RA FLSs. The relative migration or invasion rate was calculated by counting migrated or invaded cells and then normalized to that in DMSO group. Representative images (original magnification, ×100) are shown. Graphs show the relative migration (B) and invasion (D) rates. (E) Myr impaired lamellipodia formation of RA FLSs. Arrows indicate lamellipodia formation. Representative images are shown (original magnification, ×400). (F,G) The cells were preincubated with DMSO, DMSO with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) or Myr (100, 200, and 400 μM) with TNF-α for 24 h. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (F) and MMPs (G) in RA FLSs. Data (B,D,F,G) show the mean ± SD of samples from at least 3 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus DMSO; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 versus TNF-α+DMSO.