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. 2022 Sep 13;8(2):e002026. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002026

Table 2.

Microorganisms associated with reactive arthritis and viral arthritis

Reactive arthritis Viral arthritis
A. Definite causes of classical reactive arthritis A. Enterovirus infections
A1. Gastrointestinal pathogens

  • Coxsackievirus

  • Salmonella species

  • Echovirus

  • Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

 B. Hepatitis viruses

  • Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

  • Hepatitis A virus

  • Shigella flexneri; less commonly, Shigella sonnei or Shigella dysenteriae

  • Hepatitis B virus

  • Clostridioides difficile

  • Hepatitis C virus
A2. Genitourinary pathogens C. Parvovirus B19

  • Chlamydia trachomatis

D. Rubella and rubella vaccine virus

  • Mycoplasma species

 E. Alphaviruses
A3. Respiratory pathogen

  • Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus

  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae

  • Chikungunya virus
B. Probable and possible causes of reactive arthritis

  • Sindbis virus and Sindbis-like viruses

  • Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG; intravesicular)

  • Mayaro virus

  • Ureaplasma urealyticum

  • O'nyong'nyong

  • Bacillus cereus

  • Igbo-Ora virus

  • Clostridium difficile

F. Flavivirus

  • Escherichia coli

  • Dengue virus

  • Helicobacter pylori

  • Zika virus

  • Lactobacillus

G. Mumps virus

  • Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B

 H. Adenovirus

  • Pseudomonas

I. Herpesvirus

  • Streptococcus species

  • Epstein-Barr virus

  • Varicella

  • Herpes simplex virus

  • Cytomegalovirus
J. HIV infection