Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of adults with MAFLD diagnosis classified according to liver fibrosis risk using the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS).
| No or mild fibrosis (n = 37) | Indeterminate(n = 75) | Severe fibrosis (n = 10) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criteria | FLI ≧ 60 NFS < −1.455 |
FLI ≧ 60 −1.455 < NFS < 0.675 |
FLI ≧ 60 NFS ≧ 0.675 |
|
| Age (years) | 52 ± 11 | 60 ± 8 | 67 ± 4 | <0.001 (#Ø) |
| Women, n (%) | 10 (26%) | 15 (19%) | 4 (40%) | 0.319 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 ± 3.6 | 32.1 ± 4.6 | 31.5 ± 6.1 | 0.056 |
| Chronic alcohol consumption, n (%) | 4 (10.5%) | 14 (18.4%) | 4 (40%) | 0.092 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108 ± 11 | 114 ± 12 | 108 ± 11 | 0.042 (#) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 15 (40%) | 44 (58%) | 9 (90%) | 0.012 (Ø) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (8%) | 19 (25%) | 5 (50%) | 0.009 (Ø) |
| CHa2DS2Vasc | 1 [0; 2] | 2 [1; 3] | 4 [3; 4] | <0.001 (Ø) |
| Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 23 (60%) | 25 (33%) | 3 (30%) | 0.115 |
| Persistent AF, n (%) | 14 (37%) | 48 (63%) | 7 (70%) | |
| PVI alone, n (%) | 26 (74%) | 60 (83%) | 6 (60%) | 0.182 |
| PVI + lines, n (%) | 9 (26%) | 12 (17%) | 4 (40%) | |
| AAD at discharge | 11 (29.7%) | 21 (27.6%) | 2 (20%) | 0.5919 |
| Flecainide | 7 (64%) | 6 (29%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Sotalol | 1 (9%) | 3 (14%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Amiodarone | 3 (27%) | 12 (57%) | 2 (100%) | |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 7 (18%) | 29 (38%) | 1 (10%) | 0.034 (#) |
| LVEF—normal range, n (%) | 32 (84%) | 51 (67%) | 8 (80%) | 0.078 |
| LVEF—mildly normal range, n (%) | 6 (16%) | 11 (15%) | 1 (10%) | |
| LVEF—normal range, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (18%) | 1 (10%) | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 101 ± 8 | 110 ± 20 | 119 ± 27 | 0.005 (#Ø) |
| HOMA IR | 1.99 [1.45; 2.60] | 2.65 [1.89; 3.58] | 3.44 [1.65; 4.43] | 0.029 (#Ø) |
| Triglycerides (g/L) | 135 [111; 167] | 144 [107; 197] | 109 [101; 177] | 0.221 |
| ASAT (UI/L) | 25 [19; 30] | 24 [18; 30] | 27 [18; 34] | 0.662 |
| ALAT (UI/L) | 30 [23; 43] | 27 [19; 35] | 24 [15; 33] | 0.052 |
| Gamma GT (UI/L) | 49 [33; 80] | 45 [30; 85] | 63 [42; 153] | 0.220 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40 [37; 42] | 39 [36; 41] | 35 [32; 39] | 0.023 (Ø) |
| NT-pro-BNP (ng/L) | 205 [58; 595] | 313 [138; 659] | 472 [232; 1,257] | 0.164 |
Statistics, for continuous variables with normal distribution, Student’s t-test; for continuous variables without normal distribution, Mann–Whitney U test; for frequencies, chi-squared test; for frequencies with linear trends (AF subtype; PVI ± other lines; LVEF) chi-squared for trend.
MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; AF, atrial fibrillation; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; AAD, anti-arrhythmic drug; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; FLI, fatty liver index.
Norms: chronic alcohol consumption >40 g per day in men and >20 g per day in women 28; LVEF normal range ≧ 50%; mildly normal range 41%–49%; normal range ≦ 40% 29.
Symbols: #, significant no or mild fibrosis vs indeterminate; Ø, significant no or mild fibrosis vs severe fibrosis.
P-values lower than 0.05 are represented in bold.