Table 1.

Clinical outcomes preoperative and at last follow-up

Variable	Preoperative	Last follow-up	p-value
ASES score	59.81±17.02	81.56±16.29	<0.001
Constant score	64.30±15.27	78.62±14.16	<0.001
Active forward elevation (°)	144.21±35.19	152.13±28.81	0.067
Active external rotation (°)	52.01±18.83	57.59±18.83	0.076
Active internal rotation (point*)	12.72±3.29	12.41±5.72	0.063

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.

^*Point was based on contiguously numbered groups: T1–12 to 1–12, L1–5 to 13–17, buttock–18, and greater tubercle of the proximal femur–19.