. 2022 Aug 4;101(11):102108. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102108

Table 8.

Effects of graded levels of dietary beta-sitosterol supplementation on the duodenal mucosal antioxidant status of broiler chickens.

Items¹	Beta-sitosterol level (mg/kg)					SEM²	P-values
Items¹	0	25	50	75	100	SEM²	ANOVA³	Linear	Quadratic
14 d
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	0.37^a	0.21^b	0.25^b	0.22^b	0.23^b	0.02	0.005	0.008	0.025
GSH (mg/g protein)	11.22^c	10.78^c	18.49^b	23.31^a	12.32^c	1.07	<0.001	0.002	<0.001
SOD (U/mg protein)	367.49^b	394.29^ab	431.94^a	433.02^a	428.06^a	7.36	0.006	0.001	0.056
GSH-Px (U/mg protein)	23.01^c	25.70^bc	25.95^bc	51.72^a	34.23^b	2.44	<0.001	<0.001	0.274
CAT (U/mg protein)	0.88	0.69	0.86	1.02	0.87	0.04	0.122	0.236	0.802
21 d
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	0.16	0.15	0.12	0.12	0.16	0.01	0.357	0.637	0.095
GSH (mg/g protein)	12.48	10.76	11.33	11.42	11.56	0.42	0.809	0.707	0.388
SOD (U/mg protein)	328.09^b	339.92^b	414.48^a	388.91^a	411.36^a	8.74	<0.001	<0.001	0.132
GSH-Px (U/mg protein)	7.36	6.66	7.36	8.00	6.85	0.23	0.394	0.843	0.621
CAT (U/mg protein)	0.86^b	1.19^a	1.06^ab	1.28^a	1.22^a	0.05	0.038	0.013	0.261

^a-c

Means within a row with different superscripts are different at P < 0.05.

CAT, catalase; GSH, reduced form of glutathione; GSH-Px, Glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

SEM, standard error of the mean (n = 6).

ANOVA, analysis of variance.