. 2022 Aug 4;101(11):102108. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102108

Table 9.

Effects of graded levels of dietary beta-sitosterol supplementation on the jejunal mucosal antioxidant status of broiler chickens.

Items¹	Beta-sitosterol level (mg/kg)					SEM²	P-values
Items¹	0	25	50	75	100	SEM²	ANOVA³	Linear	Quadratic
14 d
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	0.39^a	0.22^b	0.15^b	0.17^b	0.20^b	0.03	0.021	0.013	0.016
GSH (mg/g protein)	12.52	11.26	11.61	11.31	13.46	0.37	0.273	0.457	0.052
SOD (U/mg protein)	431.02^bc	425.82^c	420.90^c	466.78^b	536.31^a	9.73	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
GSH-Px (U/mg protein)	10.55^b	11.44^b	11.84^b	13.93^ab	16.99^a	0.66	0.008	0.001	0.201
CAT (U/mg protein)	0.45	0.42	0.49	0.59	0.56	0.03	0.490	0.120	0.867
21 d
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	0.38	0.29	0.37	0.34	0.31	0.02	0.484	0.533	0.982
GSH (mg/g protein)	12.48	10.76	11.33	11.42	11.56	0.42	0.809	0.707	0.388
SOD (U/mg protein)	397.28^c	448.63^ab	451.55^ab	432.25^bc	484.26^a	8.33	0.010	0.004	0.722
GSH-Px (U/mg protein)	7.15^b	10.31^ab	13.08^a	9.71^b	9.74^b	0.55	0.009	0.170	0.003
CAT (U/mg protein)	0.86^b	1.19^a	1.06^ab	1.28^a	1.22^a	0.05	0.038	0.013	0.261

^a-c

Means within a row with different superscripts are different at P < 0.05.

CAT, catalase; GSH, reduced form of glutathione; GSH-Px, Glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

SEM, standard error of the mean (n = 6).

ANOVA, analysis of variance.