Table 3.
OOP expenditure as share of household’s capacity to pay by place of residence and income quintile, 2014–2020
| Year | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | Difference (percentage points) | ||
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | 2014–2016 | 2016–2018 | 2018–2020 | |
| Q1 (poorest) | 9.86 (8.23 to 11.49) | 9.37 (8.13 to 10.61) | 10.14 (9.14 to 11.14) | 8.70 (7.47 to 9.94) | −0.49* | −0.77* | −1.44* |
| Q2 | 9.77 (7.90 to 11.63) | 8.53 (7.19 to 9.87) | 9.32 (8.51 to 10.14) | 9.23 (7.39 to 11.08) | −1.23* | 0.79** | −0.09* |
| Q3 | 7.94 (6.09 to 9.79) | 7.77 (6.13 to 9.41) | 10.25 (9.39 to 11.11) | 7.95 (6.15 to 9.74) | −0.17* | 2.48** | −2.3* |
| Q4 | 7.67 (5.83 to 9.50) | 6.38 (5.06 to 7.69) | 8.05 (7.33 to 8.76) | 7.02 (5.43 to 8.60) | −1.29* | 1.67* | −1.03 |
| Q5 (richest) | 4.89 (3.85 to 5.93) | 4.64 (3.54 to 5.75) | 7.96 (7.25 to 8.68) | 6.63 (4.74 to 8.52) | −0.25 | 3.32 | −1.33* |
| Urban | 7.02 (5.28 to 8.76) | 6.37 (5.13 to 7.60) | 8.73 (7.91 to 9.55) | 7.12 (5.56 to 8.68) | −0.65* | 2.36*** | −1.61* |
| Rural | 8.93 (7.93 to 9.92) | 8.16 (7.38 to 8.94) | 9.25 (8.73 to 9.77) | 8.50 (7.62 to 9.39) | −0.76* | 1.09** | −0.75* |
| All | 8.54 (7.68 to 9.41) | 7.81 (7.14 to 8.49) | 9.15 (8.70 to 9.59) | 8.20 (7.43 to 8.97) | −0.73** | 1.34*** | −0.95* |
***, **and * indicate the significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level.
OOP, out-of-pocket.