Table 4.
Incidence of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment by urban/rural status, 2014–2020
| Year | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | Difference (percentage points) | ||||||
| n | %, (95% CI) | n | %, (95% CI) | n | %, (95% CI) | n | %, (95% CI) | 2014–2016 | 2016–2018 | 2018–2020 | |
| Household with catastrophic health expenditures | |||||||||||
| Urban | 20 599 | 3.33 (1.00 to 5.66) |
13 183 | 2.11 (0.44 to 3.77) |
43 569 | 4.58 (3.48 to 5.67) |
23 593 | 3.32 (0.84 to 5.81) |
−1.22* | 2.47** | −1.26* |
| Rural | 133 172 | 5.42 (3.80 to 7.04) |
98 768 | 3.80 (2.59 to 5.01) |
100 818 | 4.59 (3.94 to 5.24) |
126 291 | 4.95 (3.56 to 6.34) |
−1.61* | 0.79* | 0.36* |
| Region | 153 771 | 5.00 (3.62 to 6.37) |
111 951 | 3.47 (2.44 to 4.50) |
144 388 | 4.58 (4.02 to 5.15) |
149 884 | 4.60 (3.39 to 5.80) |
−1.52* | 1.11* | 0.02* |
| Nation | 990 564 | 4.19 (3.73 to 4.56) |
1 081 649 | 4.39 (3.94 to 4.84) |
1 144 472 | 4.54 (4.03 to 4.98) |
943 998 | 3.53 (3.13 to 3.93) |
0.2*** | 0.15** | −1.01** |
| Household with medical impoverishment | |||||||||||
| Urban | 4599 | 0.74 (−0.29 to 1.78) |
5833 | 0.93 (−0.16 to 2.03) |
19 651 | 1.64 (0.81 to 2.47) |
24 504 | 3.45 (1.04 to 5.86) |
0.19* | 0.71** | 1.81** |
| Rural | 112 810 | 4.59 (3.20 to 5.98) |
110 865 | 4.27 (3.02 to 5.51) |
115 713 | 4.49 (3.88 to 5.09) |
87 206 | 3.42 (2.38 to 4.46) |
−0.32* | 0.22* | −1.07** |
| Region | 117 409 | 3.82 (2.67 to 4.96) |
116 698 | 3.62 (2.59 to 4.65) |
135 388 | 3.92 (3.40 to 4.45) |
111 710 | 3.42 (2.46 to 4.39) |
−0.2* | 0.3** | −0.5* |
| Nation | 691 581 | 2.93 (2.53 to 3.33) |
683 037 | 2.77 (2.41 to 3.12) |
698 279 | 2.52 (2.19 to 2.85) |
612 636 | 2.29 (1.98 to 2.60) |
−0.16** | −0.25** | −0.23* |
***, **and * indicate the significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level.