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. 2022 May 20;119(20):353–360. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0104

Table 4. Assessment of the risk of bias (trials listed alphabetically).

Beerepoot
2011
(15)
Bruyère
2019
(22)
Cai
2018
(23)
Kamalifard
2020
(21)
Koradia
2019
(24)
Liu
2019
(14)
Maki
2016
(16)
Murina
2021
(25)
Sengupta
2011
(17)
Stapleton
2012
(18)
Takahasi
2013
(19)
Vostalova
2015
(20)
Generation of the randomization sequence
low low unclear low low low low low low low unclear low
Secrecy and unpredictability of group assignment
unclear low unclear low low low unclear unclear low low unclear unclear
Blinding of trial staff / subjects
low unclear high low low low low high low low low low
Blinding in endpoint ascertainment and evaluation
low unclear unclear low low unclear unclear low unclear unclear unclear unclear
Missing endpoint data
high low low low low low low low low high high low
Selective reporting of endpoints
low low low low low high low low low low low low
Other causes of bias
unclear high high low high unclear high high high unclear high low