TABLE 1.

Health systems profile (Switzerland, Spain, Iran and Pakistan, 2019) [17, 67].

Country	Population	Income level	Healthy life expectancy at birth (years)	UHC: Service coverage index a	Density of medical doctors (per 10k population)	Density of nursing and midwifery personnel (per 10k population)	Current health expenditure (%of GDP)	Compulsory health insurance (CHI) as % of current health expenditure (CHE)
Switzerland	8591	High	72.5	83	43.3	178.9	11.29	44
Spain	46,737	High	72.1	83	40.3	60.8	9.13	4
Iran	82,914	Upper-middle	66.3	72	15.8	20.8	6.71	35
Pakistan	216,565	Lower-middle	56.9	45	11.2	4.8	3.38	1

^aCoverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population). The indicator is an index reported on a unit-less scale of 0–100, which is computed as the geometric mean of 14 tracer indicators of health service coverage.