Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the included studies on malaria and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in children

No.	Year of publication	Country/region	Study design	No. of HIV-positive patients	No. of malaria-positive patients	Laboratory diagnostic method	Quality assessment	Reference
1	1987	Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)	Case–control	40	15	Blood smear	6/10	[21]
2	2003	Tanzania	Cross-sectional	44	5	Blood smear	6/8	[22]
3	2006	Kenya	Cross-sectional	23	15	Blood smear	7/8	[23]
4	2007	Kenya	Cohort	73	16	Blood smear	8/11	[24]
5	2008	Uganda	Cohort	35	31	Blood smear	8/11	[25]
6	2009	Kenya	Case–control	262	133	Blood smear	8/10	[26]
7	2010	Uganda	Prospective cohort	135	120	Blood smear	8/11	[27]
8	2011	Uganda	Case–control	15	12	Blood smear	9/10	[28]
9	2012	Tanzania	Cohort	255	4	Blood smear	7/11	[29]
10	2013	Ghana	Cross-sectional	443	108	Rapid Test Kit	6/8	[30]
11	2014	Malawi	Cohort	45	26	Blood smear	9/11	[31]
12	2015	Malawi	Cohort	19	15	Autopsy	8/11	[32]
13	2016	Tanzania	Prospective cohort	52	20	Blood smear; rapid diagnostic test; PCR	8/11	[33]
14	2016	Cameroon	Cross-sectional	234	58	Blood smear	8/8	[34]
15	2017	Cameroon	Cross-sectional	15	4	Blood smear	6/8	[35]
16	2017	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	162	56	Blood smear	7/8	[36]
17	2017	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	67	67	Blood smear	5/8	[37]